Question

реакции какого типа характерны для а)этана б) этилена

Answer 1

а) замещения, разложения

б) присоединения

Answer 2

Reactions of Ethane (C2H6)

Ethane is a hydrocarbon compound with the chemical formula C2H6. It is an alkane and belongs to the family of saturated hydrocarbons. Ethane is a colorless and odorless gas at standard temperature and pressure. When it comes to reactions, ethane can undergo several types of reactions, including combustion, halogenation, and cracking.

1. Combustion: Ethane can undergo combustion reactions with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). The combustion of ethane is highly exothermic and releases a large amount of heat energy. The balanced chemical equation for the combustion of ethane is:

C2H6 + 7/2 O2 -> 2 CO2 + 3 H2O

2. Halogenation: Ethane can react with halogens, such as chlorine (Cl2) or bromine (Br2), to form alkyl halides. In this reaction, one or more hydrogen atoms in ethane are replaced by halogen atoms. The reaction is initiated by the presence of light or heat. For example, the reaction of ethane with chlorine can be represented by the following equation:

C2H6 + Cl2 -> C2H5Cl + HCl

3. Cracking: Ethane can undergo cracking reactions, which involve the breaking of carbon-carbon bonds to produce smaller hydrocarbon molecules. Cracking can be achieved by heating ethane to high temperatures or by using catalysts. The products of cracking can include ethylene (C2H4), propylene (C3H6), and other smaller hydrocarbons.

These are some of the reactions that ethane can undergo. It is important to note that there are other reactions that ethane can participate in, depending on the specific conditions and reactants involved.

Reactions of Ethylene (C2H4)

Ethylene is another hydrocarbon compound with the chemical formula C2H4. It is an unsaturated hydrocarbon and belongs to the family of alkenes. Ethylene is a colorless gas at standard temperature and pressure and has a slightly sweet odor. Similar to ethane, ethylene can undergo various types of reactions.

1. Addition Reactions: Ethylene is highly reactive due to the presence of a carbon-carbon double bond. It can undergo addition reactions, where the double bond is broken and new atoms or groups are added to the molecule. Some examples of addition reactions of ethylene include:

- Hydrogenation: Ethylene can react with hydrogen (H2) in the presence of a catalyst to form ethane. This reaction is commonly used in industrial processes to produce ethane.

- Halogenation: Ethylene can react with halogens, such as chlorine (Cl2) or bromine (Br2), to form alkyl halides. The reaction is similar to the halogenation of ethane, where the double bond is broken and halogen atoms are added to the molecule.

2. Polymerization: Ethylene is widely known for its ability to undergo polymerization reactions, where multiple ethylene molecules combine to form a long-chain polymer called polyethylene. Polymerization of ethylene is an important industrial process and is used to produce various types of plastics.

3. Oxidation: Ethylene can undergo oxidation reactions when exposed to oxygen or other oxidizing agents. The oxidation of ethylene can lead to the formation of ethylene oxide (C2H4O), which is an important intermediate in the production of various chemicals, including ethylene glycol.

These are some of the reactions that ethylene can undergo. It is worth noting that ethylene is a highly versatile compound and has numerous applications in various industries, including plastics, chemicals, and agriculture.