Question

Укажите валентность и степень окисления элементов следующих веществах:CaCl2,Cl2,Al2O3,CuBr2,FeS,H2O

Answer 1

2(+2), 1(-1)     1(0)    3(+3); 2(-2)      2(+2);1(-1)    2(+2);2(-2)     1(+1);2(-2)

Answer 2

Valence and Oxidation State of Elements in the Given Substances:

1. CaCl2: - Calcium (Ca) has a valence of +2 and an oxidation state of +2. - Chlorine (Cl) has a valence of -1 and an oxidation state of -1. - Therefore, in CaCl2, calcium has a valence of +2 and an oxidation state of +2, while chlorine has a valence of -1 and an oxidation state of -1.

2. Cl2: - Chlorine (Cl) has a valence of -1 and an oxidation state of 0 when it is in its elemental form. - Therefore, in Cl2, chlorine has a valence of -1 and an oxidation state of 0.

3. Al2O3: - Aluminum (Al) has a valence of +3 and an oxidation state of +3. - Oxygen (O) has a valence of -2 and an oxidation state of -2. - Therefore, in Al2O3, aluminum has a valence of +3 and an oxidation state of +3, while oxygen has a valence of -2 and an oxidation state of -2.

4. CuBr2: - Copper (Cu) has a valence of +2 and an oxidation state of +2. - Bromine (Br) has a valence of -1 and an oxidation state of -1. - Therefore, in CuBr2, copper has a valence of +2 and an oxidation state of +2, while bromine has a valence of -1 and an oxidation state of -1.

5. FeS: - Iron (Fe) has multiple valences, but in this case, it is most likely in the +2 oxidation state. - Sulfur (S) has a valence of -2 and an oxidation state of -2. - Therefore, in FeS, iron has a valence of +2 and an oxidation state of +2, while sulfur has a valence of -2 and an oxidation state of -2.

6. H2O: - Hydrogen (H) has a valence of +1 and an oxidation state of +1. - Oxygen (O) has a valence of -2 and an oxidation state of -2. - Therefore, in H2O, hydrogen has a valence of +1 and an oxidation state of +1, while oxygen has a valence of -2 and an oxidation state of -2.

Please note that the valence and oxidation states mentioned above are based on general trends and assumptions. In some cases, the valence and oxidation states of elements can vary depending on the specific compound or reaction conditions.