
Какого строение атома?


Ответы на вопрос

Ядро заряжено положительно, электроны отрицательно.
Протоны обозначаются p+, электроны - e-, нейтроны - n0. Число протонов равно числу электронов и равно номеру периода, число нейтронов подсчитывается так: из атомного числа вычесть число протонов. Атом является электронейтральной частицей.






Structure of the atom
The structure of an atom consists of three main components:
Protons - Protons are positively charged subatomic particles found in the atomic nucleus. The number of protons in an atom determines which element it is. For example, all carbon atoms have 6 protons.
Neutrons - Neutrons are neutral subatomic particles also found in the atomic nucleus. They have approximately the same mass as protons. The number of neutrons can vary between atoms of the same element.
Electrons - Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles that orbit the nucleus in electron shells or energy levels. The number of electrons is equal to the number of protons, making the overall atom electrically neutral.
The protons and neutrons are packed tightly together in the atomic nucleus, while the electrons move around the outside of the nucleus in one or more electron shells. The shells are divided into energy levels, with each level capable of holding a fixed maximum number of electrons.
This basic structure was discovered and developed mainly through experiments involving radioactive decay, scattering and transmission of radiation, and investigations into the spectra of light emitted by different elements. The current widely accepted model of atomic structure was developed in the early 20th century based on the experimental work of scientists like J.J. Thomson, Ernest Rutherford, Niels Bohr, and others.


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