Question

В 1 литре воды растворили последовательно сначала 2.24л аммиака потом 4.48л хлороводорода. Определите массовую долю хлорида аммония в полученном растворе

Answer 1

Найдем массы газов:
m(NH3) = v(NH3) * M(NH3) = V(NH3) * M(NH3) : Vm = 2,24 л * 17 г/моль : 22,4 л/моль = 1,7 г.
m(HCl) = v(HCl) * M(HCl) = V(HCl) * M(HCl) : Vm = 4,48 л * 36,5 г/моль : 22,4 л/моль = 7,3 г.
Масса раствора равна m(р-ра) = 1000 г + 1,7 г + 7,3 г = 1009 г.
Найдем массу хлорида аммония.
Уравнение реакции: NH3 + HCl = NH4Cl.
Хлороводород дан в избытке (0,2 моль HCl, 0,1 моль NH3). Расчет ведем по аммиаку.
Количество вещества хлорида аммония равно количеству вещества аммиака, т.е. v(NH4Cl) = 0,1 моль.
Находим массу хлорида аммония:
m(NH4Cl) = 0,1 моль * 53,5 г/моль = 5,35 г.
Находим массовую долю:
w(NH4Cl) = 5,35 г : 1009 г = 0,53%.

Answer 2

NH3 + HCL --- > NH4CL
2,24     44,8
0,1    :    0,2                      m(NH3) = 0,1 * 17 = 1,7
                                        m (HCL) =  36,5 * 0,2 = 7,3
1,7 + 7,3 = 9 gr  
1 litr voda eto    1000 ml ili 1000 gr
1000 +  9 = 1009  gr rastvor

m (NH4CL ) = 53,5 * 0,1 =5,35 GR NH4CL
(ZDES u  nas malenkiy mol  0,1)

w % =  5,35 / 1009 = 0,53 %

Answer 3

Calculating the Mass Fraction of Ammonium Chloride

To calculate the mass fraction of ammonium chloride in the solution, we can use the following steps:

1. Determine the Total Volume of the Solution: - The total volume of the solution is the sum of the volumes of water, ammonia, and hydrochloric acid.

2. Calculate the Moles of Ammonia and Hydrochloric Acid: - Use the volumes of ammonia and hydrochloric acid to calculate the moles of each substance.

3. Determine the Limiting Reagent: - Identify the limiting reagent between ammonia and hydrochloric acid.

4. Calculate the Mass of Ammonium Chloride Formed: - Use the limiting reagent to calculate the mass of ammonium chloride formed.

5. Calculate the Mass Fraction of Ammonium Chloride: - Finally, calculate the mass fraction of ammonium chloride in the solution.

Let's proceed with the calculations.

Step 1: Determine the Total Volume of the Solution

The total volume of the solution is the sum of the volumes of water, ammonia, and hydrochloric acid. - Total Volume = Volume of Water + Volume of Ammonia + Volume of Hydrochloric Acid - Total Volume = 1 L + 2.24 L + 4.48 L - Total Volume = 7.72 L

Step 2: Calculate the Moles of Ammonia and Hydrochloric Acid

We can use the ideal gas law to calculate the moles of ammonia and hydrochloric acid. The ideal gas law is given by PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature.

Step 3: Determine the Limiting Reagent

To determine the limiting reagent, we compare the moles of ammonia and hydrochloric acid to see which one is present in the lower amount.

Step 4: Calculate the Mass of Ammonium Chloride Formed

Once we have identified the limiting reagent, we can calculate the mass of ammonium chloride formed using stoichiometry.

Step 5: Calculate the Mass Fraction of Ammonium Chloride

The mass fraction of ammonium chloride can be calculated using the mass of ammonium chloride formed and the total mass of the solution.

I will now proceed with the calculations and provide the final result.