Question

Определите вещество X, напишите уравнения реакций следующих превращений: а) пропен->X->ацетон б) этен->X->этаналь в) этанол->X->уксусная кислота г) этин->X->уксусная кислота

Answer 1

Дегидрирование алкенов до алкинов - дело крайне муторное и никто так не делает, но раз тут только одна стадия то...

А)
C3H6-->C3H4+H2 (t, кат. Ni)
C3H4+H2O-->CH3-C(=O)-CH3 (кат. HgSO4/H2SO4)

Б)
C2H4-->C2H2+H2 (t, кат. Ni)
C2H2+H2O-->CH3CHO (кат. HgSO4/H2SO4)

В)
C2H5OH+CuO-->CH3CHO+Cu+H2O
CH3CHO+2Cu(OH)2-->CH3COOH+Cu2O+2H2O

Г)
C2H2+H2O-->CH3CHO (кат. HgSO4/H2SO4)
CH3CHO+2Cu(OH)2-->CH3COOH+Cu2O+2H2O

Вещества Х: пропин, этин, этаналь и снова этаналь

Answer 2

Identification of Substance X and Reaction Equations

To determine the substance X and write the reaction equations for the given transformations, let's analyze each reaction step by step:

a) Propene -> X -> Acetone: - The transformation from propene to X involves the addition of water across the double bond, resulting in the formation of an alcohol. - The subsequent oxidation of the alcohol X leads to the formation of acetone. - Therefore, substance X is likely an alcohol, and the reaction equations can be written as follows: - Propene + H2O -> X - X + [O] -> Acetone

b) Ethene -> X -> Ethanal: - The transformation from ethene to X involves the addition of water across the double bond, resulting in the formation of an alcohol. - The subsequent oxidation of the alcohol X leads to the formation of ethanal. - Therefore, substance X is likely an alcohol, and the reaction equations can be written as follows: - Ethene + H2O -> X - X + [O] -> Ethanal

c) Ethanol -> X -> Acetic Acid: - The transformation from ethanol to X involves the oxidation of the alcohol group to a carboxylic acid group. - Therefore, substance X is likely an alcohol, and the reaction equations can be written as follows: - Ethanol + [O] -> X - X -> Acetic Acid

d) Ethyne -> X -> Acetic Acid: - The transformation from ethyne to X involves the addition of water across the triple bond, resulting in the formation of an enol. - The subsequent tautomerization of the enol X leads to the formation of acetic acid. - Therefore, substance X is likely an enol, and the reaction equations can be written as follows: - Ethyne + H2O -> X - X -> Acetic Acid

In summary, the substance X in each transformation is likely an alcohol or an enol, depending on the specific reaction. The reaction equations for the given transformations are as follows:

a) Propene + H2O -> X X + [O] -> Acetone

b) Ethene + H2O -> X X + [O] -> Ethanal

c) Ethanol + [O] -> X X -> Acetic Acid

d) Ethyne + H2O -> X X -> Acetic Acid

Please note that these reaction equations are based on the information provided and may vary depending on specific reaction conditions.