Question

При гидратации 44,8 ацетилена в присутствии соли ртути получили и собрали 80 г уксусного альдегида. Определить массовую долю альдегида в процентах от теории?(н.у.)

Answer 1

C2H2+H2O=CH3COH(реакция Кучерова)
1.n(C2H2)=V/Vm=44,8/22,4=2 моль
2.n(CH3COH,теор.)=n(C2H2)=2 моль
3.m(CH3COH,теор.)=n*M=2*44=88 г.
4.(выход продукта)=m(CH3COH,практ.)/m(CH3COH,теор.)=80/88=0,9091(90,91%)
Ответ:90,91%.

Answer 2

Calculation of the Mass Fraction of Acetaldehyde

To determine the mass fraction of acetaldehyde in the given reaction, we need to calculate the percentage of acetaldehyde obtained from the theoretical yield.

Given information: - Mass of acetylene (C2H2) = 44.8 g - Mass of acetic aldehyde (C2H4O) collected = 80 g

To calculate the mass fraction, we can use the formula:

Mass Fraction = (Mass of Acetaldehyde Obtained / Theoretical Yield) x 100

The molar ratio between acetylene and acetic aldehyde is 1:1. This means that for every 1 mole of acetylene, we should theoretically obtain 1 mole of acetic aldehyde.

To find the theoretical yield of acetic aldehyde, we need to convert the mass of acetylene to moles using its molar mass. The molar mass of acetylene (C2H2) is 26.04 g/mol.

Number of moles of acetylene = Mass of acetylene / Molar mass of acetylene

Let's calculate the number of moles of acetylene:

Number of moles of acetylene = 44.8 g / 26.04 g/mol

Now, we can use the number of moles of acetylene to calculate the theoretical yield of acetic aldehyde:

Theoretical yield of acetic aldehyde = Number of moles of acetylene x Molar mass of acetic aldehyde

The molar mass of acetic aldehyde (C2H4O) is 44.05 g/mol.

Theoretical yield of acetic aldehyde = Number of moles of acetylene x 44.05 g/mol

Finally, we can calculate the mass fraction of acetic aldehyde:

Mass Fraction = (Mass of acetic aldehyde collected / Theoretical yield of acetic aldehyde) x 100

Let's perform the calculations:

Number of moles of acetylene = 44.8 g / 26.04 g/mol

Theoretical yield of acetic aldehyde = Number of moles of acetylene x 44.05 g/mol

Mass Fraction = (80 g / Theoretical yield of acetic aldehyde) x 100

Please note that the actual values for the molar mass of acetylene and acetic aldehyde may vary slightly depending on the source.