Question

Помогите, буду признательна!! ХИМИЯ!Объясните механизм присоединения HCl к 3-хлорпропену

Answer 1

Присоединение хлороводорода происходи по правилу Морковникова: атом водорода присоединяется к наиболее гидрированому атому углерода (то есть по месту разрыва пи связи смотрим на атомы углерода - у которго больше атомов водорода, туда и присоединяется водород, где меньше - туда хлор)
CH3 - CH = CH  +  HCl   =   CH3 - CH - CH2
                    |                                    |       |
                   Cl                                 Cl     Cl

Answer 2

Mechanism of HCl Addition to 3-Chloropropene

The addition of hydrochloric acid (HCl) to 3-chloropropene involves a reaction known as an electrophilic addition. In this reaction, the electron-rich double bond of 3-chloropropene acts as a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic hydrogen of HCl. This results in the formation of a new carbon-carbon bond and the addition of a chlorine atom to the molecule.

Here is a step-by-step explanation of the mechanism:

1. Step 1: Formation of the carbocation The double bond of 3-chloropropene attacks the hydrogen atom of HCl, resulting in the formation of a carbocation intermediate. The chlorine atom from HCl takes the place of the hydrogen atom, forming a chloride ion.

2. Step 2: Nucleophilic attack The chloride ion acts as a nucleophile and attacks the positively charged carbon atom of the carbocation. This leads to the formation of a new carbon-carbon bond, resulting in the addition of the chlorine atom to the 3-chloropropene molecule.

3. Step 3: Formation of the final product The resulting molecule is now 1,2-dichloropropane, where the chlorine atoms are attached to adjacent carbon atoms.

The overall reaction can be represented as follows:

3-chloropropene + HCl → 1,2-dichloropropane

Please note that the mechanism described above is a simplified representation of the reaction. The actual reaction may involve additional steps or intermediates, depending on the specific conditions and reaction conditions.

I hope this explanation helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.