Question

В процессе нагревания смеси 33 грамм аммоний сульфата с избытком кальций гидроксида получили аммиак объемом 9,5 л (н.у) Вычислите объемную долю аммиака от теоретически возможного.

Answer 1

(NH4)2SO4+Ca(OH)2=CaSO4+2NH3+2H2O определим количество вещества сульфата аммония n=33/(28+8+32+64)=0,25 моль, согласно уравнения, аммиака образуется в 2 раза больше n(NH3)=0,25x2=0,5моль,тогда V=22,4x0,5=11,2литра при 100% выходе ωвыхода=9,5х100/11,2=84,82%

Answer 2

Calculation of the Volume Fraction of Ammonia

To calculate the volume fraction of ammonia in the given reaction, we need to determine the stoichiometry of the reaction and use the ideal gas law.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4 and calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 is as follows:

`(NH4)2SO4 + 2Ca(OH)2 → 2NH3 + CaSO4 + 2H2O`

From the equation, we can see that 1 mole of (NH4)2SO4 reacts to produce 2 moles of NH3. To calculate the volume fraction of ammonia, we need to determine the number of moles of ammonia produced.

Given that the mass of ammonium sulfate is 33 grams, we can calculate the number of moles of (NH4)2SO4 using its molar mass. The molar mass of (NH4)2SO4 is 132.14 g/mol.

Number of moles of (NH4)2SO4 = mass / molar mass Number of moles of (NH4)2SO4 = 33 g / 132.14 g/mol Number of moles of (NH4)2SO4 = 0.2497 mol

Since the stoichiometry of the reaction is 1:2 between (NH4)2SO4 and NH3, the number of moles of NH3 produced is twice the number of moles of (NH4)2SO4.

Number of moles of NH3 = 2 * 0.2497 mol Number of moles of NH3 = 0.4994 mol

Now, we can use the ideal gas law to calculate the volume of ammonia at standard temperature and pressure (STP). STP is defined as 0 degrees Celsius (273.15 Kelvin) and 1 atmosphere of pressure.

The ideal gas law equation is:

PV = nRT

Where: P = pressure (in atmospheres) V = volume (in liters) n = number of moles R = ideal gas constant (0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K)) T = temperature (in Kelvin)

At STP, the pressure is 1 atmosphere and the temperature is 273.15 Kelvin.

Using the ideal gas law, we can calculate the volume of ammonia:

V = nRT / P V = 0.4994 mol * 0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K) * 273.15 K / 1 atm V = 11.47 L

Therefore, the volume of ammonia produced is 11.47 liters.

To calculate the volume fraction of ammonia, we divide the volume of ammonia by the total volume of the mixture and multiply by 100%.

Volume fraction of ammonia = (Volume of ammonia / Total volume) * 100% Volume fraction of ammonia = (11.47 L / 9.5 L) * 100% Volume fraction of ammonia = 120.74%

The volume fraction of ammonia, relative to the theoretically possible volume, is approximately 120.74%.

Please note that the given sources do not provide any relevant information for this specific calculation.