Question

пожалуйста помогите..Какие из ниже перечисленных являются гомологами, а какие изомерами?и дать каждому названиевещества...а) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOHб) CH3-CH2-COOHв) CH3-CH2-CH2-COOHг) CH3-CH3-CH-CH2-COOHд) CH3-(CH2)3-COOH

Answer 1

а,б,в,г гомологи

г и д - изомеры

только коэффициенты у тебя в г неправильно поставлены

а)гексановая (капроновая) кислота

б)пропановая (пропионовая) кислота 

в)бутановая (масляная) кислота

г)пентановая (валериановая) кислота

д) вот такая наверно формула должна быть: СН3-С(СН2)2-СООН, тогда это 2,2-диметилпропановая кислота

Answer 2

Homologues and Isomers

To determine which of the compounds listed are homologues and which are isomers, we need to understand the definitions of these terms.

Homologues are a series of organic compounds that have the same functional group and similar chemical properties, with each successive member differing by a CH2 unit in their molecular formula. Homologues have a similar structure and exhibit a gradual change in physical properties as the number of carbon atoms increases.

Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements or spatial orientations. Isomers can be classified into different types, such as structural isomers, geometric isomers, and optical isomers.

Now let's analyze each compound and determine whether it is a homologue or an isomer:

a) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH

This compound is a homologue. It is a member of the homologous series of carboxylic acids, with the general formula CnH2n+1COOH. The compound is named pentanoic acid.

b) CH3-CH2-COOH

This compound is a homologue. It is a member of the homologous series of carboxylic acids, with the general formula CnH2n+1COOH. The compound is named ethanoic acid.

c) CH3-CH2-CH2-COOH

This compound is a homologue. It is a member of the homologous series of carboxylic acids, with the general formula CnH2n+1COOH. The compound is named propanoic acid.

d) CH3-CH3-CH-CH2-COOH

This compound is an isomer. It is a structural isomer of the previous compounds. The compound is named 2-methylbutanoic acid.

e) CH3-(CH2)3-COOH

This compound is a homologue. It is a member of the homologous series of carboxylic acids, with the general formula CnH2n+1COOH. The compound is named butanoic acid.

To summarize:

- Compound a) is a homologue called pentanoic acid. - Compound b) is a homologue called ethanoic acid. - Compound c) is a homologue called propanoic acid. - Compound d) is an isomer called 2-methylbutanoic acid. - Compound e) is a homologue called butanoic acid.

Please note that the names provided are based on the IUPAC nomenclature system, which is commonly used to name organic compounds.