Question

1. Рассчитайте концентрацию ионов водорода и гидроксила в растворе при pH = 3, pH = 10. Что является средой этого решения?​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Среда кислая:

$pH=3\\ C_{H^+} =10^{-3}\frac{mol}{L}$

Среда щелочная:

$pH=10\\ C_{H^+} =10^{-10}\frac{mol}{L}$

Объяснение:

Согласно формуле показатель pH рассчитывается по формуле:

$pH=-log[H^+]$

Где $[H^+]$ - и есть концентрация катионов водорода в растворе, выразим из формулы $[H^+]$:

$pH=-log[H^+] \\C_{H^+} =10^{-pH}$

Подставим в уравнение значение pH раствора:

$C_{H^+} =10^{-3}\frac{mol}{L} \\ C_{H^+} =10^{-10}\frac{mol}{L}$

Answer 2

Calculating Hydrogen and Hydroxide Ion Concentrations at pH 3 and pH 10

To calculate the concentration of hydrogen (H^+) and hydroxide (OH^-) ions in a solution at pH 3 and pH 10, we can use the formula:

pH = -log[H^+]

From this formula, we can derive the concentration of hydrogen ions using the following equation:

[H^+] = 10^(-pH)

Let's calculate the concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxide ions at pH 3 and pH 10.

1. At pH 3: - Concentration of Hydrogen ions ([H^+]): - Using the formula [H^+] = 10^(-pH), we get: - [H^+] = 10^(-3) - [H^+] = 1 x 10^(-3) M

- Concentration of Hydroxide ions ([OH^-]): - Since the solution is acidic (pH < 7), the concentration of hydroxide ions can be calculated using the formula: - [OH^-] = 10^(-14) / [H^+] - Substituting the value of [H^+] we calculated earlier: - [OH^-] = 10^(-14) / (1 x 10^(-3)) - [OH^-] = 1 x 10^(-11) M

2. At pH 10: - Concentration of Hydrogen ions ([H^+]): - Using the formula [H^+] = 10^(-pH), we get: - [H^+] = 10^(-10) - [H^+] = 1 x 10^(-10) M

- Concentration of Hydroxide ions ([OH^-]): - Since the solution is basic (pH > 7), the concentration of hydroxide ions can be calculated using the formula: - [OH^-] = 10^(-14) / [H^+] - Substituting the value of [H^+] we calculated earlier: - [OH^-] = 10^(-14) / (1 x 10^(-10)) - [OH^-] = 1 x 10^(-4) M

Nature of the Solution

The solution at pH 3 is acidic, and the solution at pH 10 is basic.

In summary: - At pH 3, the concentration of hydrogen ions is 1 x 10^(-3) M and the concentration of hydroxide ions is 1 x 10^(-11) M. - At pH 10, the concentration of hydrogen ions is 1 x 10^(-10) M and the concentration of hydroxide ions is 1 x 10^(-4) M.

These calculations demonstrate the relationship between pH, hydrogen ion concentration, hydroxide ion concentration, and the nature of the solution.