Question

Даю 25Б ЗА ПОМОЩЬ!! не шарю дуже в химии 1.Здійснити перетворення: СаС2 - C2H2 - CH3COH - C2H5OH – C2H4 - CO2 2. Добути двома способами: a) пропаналь b) бутаналь

Answer 1

1. Здійснення перетворень:

СаС2 (кальцицет) - C2H2 (етин) - CH3COH (ацетальдегід) - C2H5OH (етанол) - C2H4 (етилен) - CO2 (вуглекислий газ)

2. Добуття пропаналу (пропаналь) двома способами:

a) Через окиснення пропанолу:

  CH3CH2CH2OH (пропанол) + [O] -> CH3CH2CHO (пропаналь) + H2O

b) Через дегідратацію пропанолу:

  CH3CH2CH2OH (пропанол) -> CH3CH2CHO (пропаналь) + H2O

3. Добуття бутаналу (бутаналь) двома способами:

a) Через окиснення бутанолу:

  CH3CH2CH2CH2OH (бутанол) + [O] -> CH3CH2CH2CHO (бутаналь) + H2O

b) Через дегідратацію бутанолу:

  CH3CH2CH2CH2OH (бутанол) -> CH3CH2CH2CHO (бутаналь) + H2O

Answer 2

Transformation of Substances:

To answer your question, let's look at the transformation of the given substances:

1. CaC2 (Calcium Carbide) to C2H2 (Acetylene): - The reaction between calcium carbide and water produces acetylene gas. - The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: CaC2 + 2H2O → C2H2 + Ca(OH)2 [[1]].

2. C2H2 (Acetylene) to CH3COH (Ethanol): - Acetylene can be converted to ethanol through a series of chemical reactions. - The first step involves the hydrolysis of acetylene to form acetaldehyde (CH3CHO). - The second step involves the reduction of acetaldehyde to ethanol (CH3CHOH). - The balanced chemical equations for these reactions are: - Hydrolysis: C2H2 + H2O → CH3CHO [[2]]. - Reduction: CH3CHO + 2H → CH3CHOH [[3]].

3. CH3COH (Ethanol) to C2H5OH (Ethanol): - The given substance, CH3COH, is already ethanol (C2H5OH). Therefore, no transformation is needed.

4. C2H5OH (Ethanol) to C2H4 (Ethylene): - Ethanol can be dehydrated to produce ethylene gas. - The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: C2H5OH → C2H4 + H2O [[4]].

5. C2H4 (Ethylene) to CO2 (Carbon Dioxide): - Ethylene can be combusted to produce carbon dioxide gas. - The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: C2H4 + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 2H2O [[5]].

Extraction of Propanal and Butanal:

Now, let's discuss the extraction of propanal and butanal using two different methods:

a) Extraction of Propanal: - Propanal (also known as propionaldehyde) can be obtained by the oxidation of propanol. - One method to oxidize propanol to propanal is by using an oxidizing agent like potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) in the presence of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). - The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: CH3CH2CH2OH + [O] → CH3CH2CHO + H2O [[6]].

b) Extraction of Butanal: - Butanal (also known as butyraldehyde) can be obtained by the oxidation of butanol. - One method to oxidize butanol to butanal is by using an oxidizing agent like potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) in the presence of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). - The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + [O] → CH3CH2CH2CHO + H2O [[7]].

I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.

[[1]] Source: [Wikipedia - Calcium Carbide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_carbide) [[2]] Source: [Chemistry LibreTexts - Hydrolysis of Acetylene](https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Organic_Chemistry)/Alkynes/Reactivity_of_Alkynes/Hydrolysis_of_Alkynes) [[3]] Source: [Chemistry LibreTexts - Reduction of Acetaldehyde](https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Organic_Chemistry)/Aldehydes_and_Ketones/Reactivity_of_Aldehydes_and_Ketones/Reduction_of_Aldehydes_and_Ketones) [[4]] Source: [Wikipedia - Dehydration of Ethanol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehydration_of_ethanol) [[5]] Source: [Wikipedia - Combustion of Ethylene](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylene#Combustion) [[6]] Source: [Chemistry LibreTexts - Oxidation of Propanol](https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Organic_Chemistry)/Alcohols/Oxidation_of_Alcohols/Oxidation_of_Secondary_Alcohols) [[7]] Source: [Chemistry LibreTexts - Oxidation of Butanol](https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Organic_Chemistry)/Alcohols/Oxidation_of_Alcohols/Oxidation_of_Primary_Alcohols)