
В четырех пробирках без этикеток содержатся низкокипящие жидкости: н-гептан, гептен-1, гептин-1,
гептин-2. Какие качественные реакции можно использовать для идентификации этих веществ? Напишите схемы реакций.

Ответы на вопрос




Identification of Low-Boiling Liquids in Unlabeled Test Tubes
To identify the low-boiling liquids in the unlabeled test tubes (n-heptane, heptene-1, heptyne-1, and heptyne-2), several qualitative reactions can be used. These reactions involve the characteristic properties of the substances, such as their reactivity with specific reagents or their physical properties. Here are some possible qualitative reactions that can be used for the identification of these substances:
1. Bromine Water Test: - Procedure: - Add a few drops of bromine water to each test tube containing the unlabeled liquids. - Observation and Interpretation: - If the liquid turns colorless or the reddish-brown color of bromine water disappears, it indicates the presence of an alkene (heptene-1 or heptyne-1). Alkenes react with bromine water, decolorizing it due to the addition reaction between the alkene and bromine. - If the liquid does not show any change in color, it suggests the absence of an alkene (n-heptane or heptyne-2). Alkanes and alkynes do not react with bromine water.
2. Acidified Potassium Permanganate Test: - Procedure: - Add a few drops of acidified potassium permanganate solution to each test tube containing the unlabeled liquids. - Observation and Interpretation: - If the purple color of potassium permanganate solution fades or disappears, it indicates the presence of an alkene (heptene-1 or heptyne-1). Alkenes undergo oxidation reactions with acidified potassium permanganate, resulting in the decolorization of the solution. - If the purple color remains unchanged, it suggests the absence of an alkene (n-heptane or heptyne-2). Alkanes and alkynes do not react with acidified potassium permanganate.
3. Bromine Test: - Procedure: - Add a few drops of liquid bromine to each test tube containing the unlabeled liquids. - Observation and Interpretation: - If the reddish-brown color of bromine disappears, it indicates the presence of an alkene (heptene-1 or heptyne-1). Alkenes react with bromine, decolorizing it due to the addition reaction between the alkene and bromine. - If the reddish-brown color remains unchanged, it suggests the absence of an alkene (n-heptane or heptyne-2). Alkanes and alkynes do not react with bromine.
4. Flame Test: - Procedure: - Take a small amount of each liquid on a clean wire loop. - Hold the wire loop in the flame of a Bunsen burner. - Observation and Interpretation: - If the flame burns with a yellow, sooty flame, it indicates the presence of an alkene (heptene-1 or heptyne-1). Alkenes and alkynes produce a yellow, sooty flame due to the incomplete combustion of carbon atoms. - If the flame burns with a blue, non-sooty flame, it suggests the absence of an alkene (n-heptane or heptyne-2). Alkanes do not produce a yellow, sooty flame.
Please note that these qualitative tests provide indications rather than definitive identifications. Confirmatory tests and additional analysis may be required for accurate identification of the substances.


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