Question

4. Определите валентность элемента по кислороду и водороду: FeO, Fe,O, NO, NO, NONah, CaH,, AlH, CH, NH,​

Answer 1

1. Валентность кислорода всегда (2), за исключением пероксидов)

2. Валентность водорода всегда (1)

Итак,

Fe(2)O(2) - оксид железа (2)

Fe (3)O(2) - оксид железа (3)

Р.s. Железо имеет 2 валентности

----------------------------------------------------

N(2)O(2) - оксид азота (2)

N2 (5) O5 (2) - оксид азота (5)

N2 (1) O(2) - оксид азота (1)

----------------------------------------------------

Na(1)H (1) - гидрид натрия (натрий в 1 главной подгруппе, соответственно 1)

Са(2) Н (1) - гидрид кальция (кальций во второй главной побгруппе, соответственно 2)

Аl (3)H (1) - гидрид алюминия (у алюминия всегда 3)

C(4)H4(1) - метан

N(3)H3(1) - аммиак

Answer 2

#### Valence of Elements with Oxygen and Hydrogen: To determine the valence of an element with respect to oxygen and hydrogen, we need to consider the oxidation states of the element in different compounds. Here are the valences of the given elements with oxygen and hydrogen: 1. **FeO**: In FeO (iron(II) oxide), the valence of iron (Fe) with respect to oxygen is +2. The oxidation state of oxygen is -2. Therefore, the valence of iron with respect to oxygen in FeO is +2. The valence of iron with respect to hydrogen in FeO is not applicable since there is no hydrogen in this compound. 2. **Fe2O3**: In Fe2O3 (iron(III) oxide), the valence of iron (Fe) with respect to oxygen is +3. The oxidation state of oxygen is -2. Therefore, the valence of iron with respect to oxygen in Fe2O3 is +3. The valence of iron with respect to hydrogen in Fe2O3 is not applicable since there is no hydrogen in this compound. 3. **NO**: In NO (nitric oxide), the valence of nitrogen (N) with respect to oxygen is +2. The oxidation state of oxygen is -2. Therefore, the valence of nitrogen with respect to oxygen in NO is +2. The valence of nitrogen with respect to hydrogen in NO is not applicable since there is no hydrogen in this compound. 4. **NO2**: In NO2 (nitrogen dioxide), the valence of nitrogen (N) with respect to oxygen is +4. The oxidation state of oxygen is -2. Therefore, the valence of nitrogen with respect to oxygen in NO2 is +4. The valence of nitrogen with respect to hydrogen in NO2 is not applicable since there is no hydrogen in this compound. 5. **NaH**: In NaH (sodium hydride), the valence of sodium (Na) with respect to hydrogen is +1. The oxidation state of hydrogen is -1. Therefore, the valence of sodium with respect to hydrogen in NaH is +1. The valence of sodium with respect to oxygen in NaH is not applicable since there is no oxygen in this compound. 6. **CaH2**: In CaH2 (calcium hydride), the valence of calcium (Ca) with respect to hydrogen is +2. The oxidation state of hydrogen is -1. Therefore, the valence of calcium with respect to hydrogen in CaH2 is +2. The valence of calcium with respect to oxygen in CaH2 is not applicable since there is no oxygen in this compound. 7. **AlH3**: In AlH3 (aluminum hydride), the valence of aluminum (Al) with respect to hydrogen is +3. The oxidation state of hydrogen is -1. Therefore, the valence of aluminum with respect to hydrogen in AlH3 is +3. The valence of aluminum with respect to oxygen in AlH3 is not applicable since there is no oxygen in this compound. 8. **CH4**: In CH4 (methane), the valence of carbon (C) with respect to hydrogen is -4. The oxidation state of hydrogen is +1. Therefore, the valence of carbon with respect to hydrogen in CH4 is -4. The valence of carbon with respect to oxygen in CH4 is not applicable since there is no oxygen in this compound. 9. **NH3**: In NH3 (ammonia), the valence of nitrogen (N) with respect to hydrogen is -3. The oxidation state of hydrogen is +1. Therefore, the valence of nitrogen with respect to hydrogen in NH3 is -3. The valence of nitrogen with respect to oxygen in NH3 is not applicable since there is no oxygen in this compound. Please note that the valence of an element can vary depending on the compound it is present in. The valences provided above are specific to the compounds mentioned.