Question

Отношение кислорода к бактериям пожалуйста, помогите​

Answer 1

Анаэробы- существуют в бескислородных условиях наличие кислорода их убивает ( прекращается их жизнедеятельность) . В пример можно привести клостридии вызывающие ботулизм. Аэробы-бактерии живущие только в присутствии кислорода-например стафилококк или наша кишечная палочка которая присутствует в кишечнике любого человека. В умных книгах пишут что сначала появились анаэробы так как кислорода практически на земле не было.Приспосабливались вообщем как умели ))))

Answer 2

The Relationship Between Oxygen and Bacteria

Oxygen plays a crucial role in the growth and survival of bacteria. While some bacteria are aerobic and require oxygen for their metabolic processes, others are anaerobic and can survive in the absence of oxygen. Let's explore this relationship in more detail.

Aerobic Bacteria: Aerobic bacteria are organisms that require oxygen to carry out their metabolic processes. They use oxygen as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, which is a vital step in generating energy through cellular respiration. This process allows aerobic bacteria to efficiently produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the energy currency of cells. Examples of aerobic bacteria include Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Anaerobic Bacteria: Anaerobic bacteria, on the other hand, can survive and grow in the absence of oxygen. They have adapted to environments with low or no oxygen availability. Anaerobic bacteria use alternative electron acceptors, such as nitrate or sulfate, to carry out their metabolic processes. Some anaerobic bacteria can even ferment organic compounds to produce energy. Examples of anaerobic bacteria include Clostridium species and Bacteroides fragilis.

Facultative Anaerobes: There are also bacteria known as facultative anaerobes that can switch between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism depending on the availability of oxygen. They can survive in both oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor environments. Facultative anaerobes include Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

Oxygen Sensitivity: While oxygen is essential for the growth of aerobic bacteria, it can be toxic to some anaerobic bacteria. These bacteria lack the enzymes necessary to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are byproducts of oxygen metabolism. Exposure to oxygen can damage their cellular components, leading to cell death. To protect themselves from oxygen toxicity, anaerobic bacteria have developed various mechanisms, such as producing enzymes like superoxide dismutase and catalase, which help neutralize ROS.

In summary, the relationship between oxygen and bacteria is complex. Some bacteria require oxygen for their metabolic processes, while others can survive and grow in the absence of oxygen. Additionally, there are bacteria that can switch between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism depending on the availability of oxygen. Oxygen sensitivity varies among different bacteria, with some being highly sensitive to oxygen and others having mechanisms to protect themselves from oxygen toxicity.

I hope this information helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.