Question

напишите уравнения реакций характеризующих химические свойства пропановой кислоты, укажите условия протеканий реакций, укажите продукты​

Answer 1

типичный представитель карбоновых насыщенных одноосновных кислот:

1. взаимодействует с активными металлами, т.к слабая кислота:

2С2Н5СООН+2Na=2C2H5COONa + H2↑(пропионат натрия и водород)

2. взаимодействует с основаниями:

C2H5COOH + NaOH =C2H5COONa + H2O(пропионат натрия и вода)

3. горит  голубым пламенем с образованием углекислого газа и воды:

2C2H5COOH + 7O2 → 6CO2 ↑+ 6H2O

4. взаимодействует с солями, например карбонатами с бразованием солей, воды и углекислого газа:

2C2H5COOH + Na2CO3 → 2C2H5COONa + H2O + CO2↑

5. взаимодействие с основными оксидами:

2C2H5COOH + MgO → Mg(C2H5COO)2 + H2O(пропионат магния и вода)

6. Взаимодействие с хлоридами фосфора (V) или (III) на свету с образованием галогенангидридов:

C2H5COOH + РСІ5= C2H5COСІ+НСІ +РОСІ2 (пропионилхлорид + соляная кислота + оксихлорид фосфора)

7. Взаимодействие с аммиаком при нагревании, если не нагревать, то получится соль

C2H5COOH +NН3=C2H5CONН2+Н2О(пропионамид + вода)

8. Взаимодействие со спиртами протекает по механизму нуклеофильного замещения с участием серной кислоты:

C2H5COOH +C2H5COH =C2H5COOC2H5+Н2О(этиловый эфир пропионовой кислоты + вода)

9. Альфа-галогенирование пропановой кислоты с участием красного фосфора:

C2H5COOH +Вr2=CН3СНВrСООН+НВr(α-бромпропионовая кислота + бромоводород)

Answer 2

Chemical Properties of Propanoic Acid

Propanoic acid, also known as propionic acid, is a carboxylic acid with the chemical formula CH3CH2COOH. It exhibits various chemical properties and can undergo several reactions under specific conditions.

Reaction Equations Characterizing the Chemical Properties of Propanoic Acid

1. Reaction with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH): - Propanoic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide to form sodium propanoate and water. - The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: ``` CH3CH2COOH + NaOH → CH3CH2COONa + H2O ``` - This reaction is a typical acid-base neutralization reaction, where the carboxylic acid reacts with the base to form a salt and water.

2. Esterification Reaction: - Propanoic acid can undergo esterification with alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst to form esters. - The general equation for esterification is: ``` CH3CH2COOH + ROH → CH3CH2COOR' + H2O ``` - In this reaction, R' represents the alkyl group of the alcohol.

3. Decarboxylation: - Under specific conditions, propanoic acid can undergo decarboxylation to form propane and carbon dioxide. - The balanced equation for this reaction is: ``` CH3CH2COOH → CH3CH2 + CO2 ``` - Decarboxylation typically requires high temperatures and is often catalyzed by certain metals.

Conditions and Products of the Reactions

- Reaction with Sodium Hydroxide: - Conditions: This reaction occurs in the presence of a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide, and typically at room temperature. - Product: The product of this reaction is sodium propanoate (a salt) and water.

- Esterification Reaction: - Conditions: Esterification usually requires the presence of an acid catalyst, such as concentrated sulfuric acid, and is often carried out under reflux conditions. - Product: The product of esterification is an ester, which is a compound formed by the reaction between the carboxylic acid and an alcohol.

- Decarboxylation: - Conditions: Decarboxylation of propanoic acid typically requires high temperatures (above 400°C) and is often catalyzed by certain metals, such as copper or nickel. - Product: The products of decarboxylation are propane and carbon dioxide.

In summary, propanoic acid exhibits diverse chemical properties, including its reactions with sodium hydroxide, esterification with alcohols, and decarboxylation under specific conditions, each leading to distinct products under different reaction conditions.