Question

Яка будова і функції гіпофіза?

Answer 1

Ответ:

Це маленька залоза, яка знаходиться у головному мозку, в середині черепу, і виробляє декілька гормонів, які у свою чергу регулюють роботу щитоподібної залози, надниркових і статевих залоз, процеси росту і обміну речовин.

Объяснение:

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Answer 2

Structure and Functions of the Pituitary Gland

The pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis, is a small, pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain. It is often referred to as the "master gland" because it plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions by producing and releasing hormones.

The pituitary gland is divided into two main parts: the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) and the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis).

Anterior Pituitary (Adenohypophysis): The anterior pituitary is responsible for producing and releasing several hormones that regulate various bodily functions. These hormones include:

1. Growth Hormone (GH): Stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration in the body. 2. Prolactin (PRL): Stimulates milk production in the mammary glands after childbirth. 3. Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH): Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release thyroid hormones. 4. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH): Stimulates the adrenal glands to produce and release cortisol, a stress hormone. 5. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Stimulates the growth and development of ovarian follicles in females and sperm production in males. 6. Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Triggers ovulation in females and stimulates the production of testosterone in males. 7. Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH): Regulates skin pigmentation.

Posterior Pituitary (Neurohypophysis): The posterior pituitary does not produce hormones but stores and releases two hormones produced by the hypothalamus:

1. Oxytocin: Stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and promotes the release of milk during breastfeeding. It is also involved in social bonding and attachment. 2. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) or Vasopressin: Regulates water balance in the body by controlling the reabsorption of water by the kidneys. It also plays a role in regulating blood pressure.

The release of hormones from the pituitary gland is regulated by the hypothalamus, a region of the brain that produces releasing and inhibiting hormones. These hormones travel through the blood vessels connecting the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland, known as the hypothalamic-pituitary portal system.

In summary, the pituitary gland is a vital endocrine gland that regulates various bodily functions by producing and releasing hormones. The anterior pituitary produces hormones that control growth, reproduction, metabolism, and stress response, while the posterior pituitary stores and releases hormones involved in childbirth, breastfeeding, and water balance.