Question

Достижения элитарной культуры 20 века .

Answer 1

Элитарная культура — это культура привилегированных групп общества, характеризующаяся принципиальной закрытостью, духовным аристократизмом и ценностно-смысловой самодостаточностью. Это «высокая культура», противопоставляемаямассовой культуре по типу воздействия на воспринимающее сознание, сохраняющего его субъективные особенности и обеспечивающего смыслообразующую функцию[1][стиль]. Вид культуры, характеризующийся производством культурных ценностей, образцов, которые в силу своей исключительности рассчитаны и доступны в основном узкому кругу людей (элите). Её основной идеал — формирование сознания, готового к активной преобразующей деятельности и творчеству в соответствии с объективными законами действительности[стиль][источник не указан 1674 дня]. Данное понимание элитарной культуры, эксплицированное из подобного её осознания как культуры высокой, концентрирующей духовный, интеллектуальный и художественный опыт поколений, представляется, по мнению российских культурологов, более точным и адекватным, чем понимание элитарного как авангардного

Answer 2

Achievements of Elite Culture in the 20th Century

The achievements of elite culture in the 20th century were diverse and encompassed various fields such as art, literature, music, and film. Here are some notable achievements:

1. Art: The 20th century witnessed significant advancements in the field of art. Artists like Pablo Picasso, Salvador Dali, and Wassily Kandinsky revolutionized art movements such as Cubism, Surrealism, and Abstract Expressionism. These artists challenged traditional artistic conventions and pushed the boundaries of creativity.

2. Literature: The 20th century produced many influential writers and literary works. Authors like James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, and Franz Kafka explored new narrative techniques and themes in their works. Their writings reflected the changing social and cultural landscape of the time.

3. Music: The 20th century saw the emergence of various musical genres and the rise of influential composers. Igor Stravinsky, Arnold Schoenberg, and Dmitri Shostakovich were among the composers who made significant contributions to classical music. They experimented with new musical forms and techniques, challenging traditional notions of harmony and melody.

4. Film: The 20th century witnessed the development of cinema as a major art form. Filmmakers like Sergei Eisenstein, Federico Fellini, and Alfred Hitchcock revolutionized storytelling techniques and visual aesthetics in film. Their works continue to be celebrated for their artistic and cultural impact.

5. Architecture: The 20th century saw the rise of innovative architectural styles and iconic buildings. Architects like Frank Lloyd Wright, Le Corbusier, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe introduced new design principles and materials. Their buildings, such as Fallingwater, Villa Savoye, and the Barcelona Pavilion, are considered architectural masterpieces.

6. Dance: The 20th century witnessed the development of new dance forms and techniques. Choreographers like Martha Graham, Merce Cunningham, and Pina Bausch pushed the boundaries of traditional dance and created innovative movement vocabularies. Their contributions continue to influence contemporary dance.

7. Fashion: The 20th century saw significant developments in fashion, with designers like Coco Chanel, Christian Dior, and Yves Saint Laurent revolutionizing the industry. They introduced new styles, such as the little black dress and the New Look, that continue to influence fashion trends today.

These are just a few examples of the achievements of elite culture in the 20th century. The contributions of artists, writers, musicians, filmmakers, architects, dancers, and fashion designers during this period have had a lasting impact on their respective fields and continue to inspire future generations.