Question

Как устроена судебная система Российской Федерации​

Answer 1

Судебная власть осуществляется в рамках конституционного, гражданского, арбитражного, административного и уголовного судопроизводства. Согласно статье 118 Конституции РФ, «судебную систему Российской Федерации составляют Конституционный Суд РФ, Верховный Суд РФ, федеральные суды общей юрисдикции, арбитражные суды, мировые судьи субъектов Российской Федерации».

Answer 2

Overview of the Judicial System in the Russian Federation

The judicial system in the Russian Federation is structured in a hierarchical manner, with different levels of courts handling various types of cases. The system is designed to ensure the independence and impartiality of the judiciary.

Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation

At the top of the judicial system is the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. It is responsible for interpreting the Constitution and ensuring the constitutionality of laws and other legal acts. The Constitutional Court consists of 19 judges who are appointed by the Federation Council, the upper house of the Russian Parliament, upon the recommendation of the President.

Supreme Court of the Russian Federation

The next level in the judicial system is the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. It is the highest court for civil, criminal, administrative, and other cases not within the jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court. The Supreme Court consists of several chambers, each specializing in different areas of law. The judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the Federation Council upon the recommendation of the President.

Regional Courts

Below the Supreme Court are the regional courts, which are responsible for hearing cases at the regional level. Each region of the Russian Federation has its own regional court. These courts handle a wide range of cases, including civil, criminal, administrative, and commercial matters.

District Courts

At the next level are the district courts, which are responsible for hearing cases at the district level. District courts handle a variety of cases, including civil, criminal, administrative, and juvenile matters. They are the primary courts for most cases and are located in various districts throughout the country.

Magistrate Courts

Magistrate courts are the lowest level of courts in the Russian judicial system. They handle minor offenses, such as traffic violations and petty crimes. Magistrate courts also have jurisdiction over certain civil cases, such as small claims disputes. These courts are typically located in local communities and are presided over by a single judge.

Specialized Courts

In addition to the above-mentioned courts, there are also specialized courts in the Russian judicial system. These include military courts, commercial courts, and administrative courts. Military courts handle cases related to military personnel and offenses committed by them. Commercial courts specialize in resolving commercial disputes, while administrative courts deal with cases involving administrative law and disputes between individuals and government bodies.

Conclusion

The judicial system in the Russian Federation is structured in a hierarchical manner, with the Constitutional Court at the top, followed by the Supreme Court, regional courts, district courts, magistrate courts, and specialized courts. Each level of the judiciary has its own jurisdiction and handles different types of cases. The system is designed to ensure the independence and impartiality of the judiciary in the Russian Federation.