Question

Представители экономической науки и на какие вопросы они пытались дать ответ???????/

Answer 1

Экономика – наука, решающая вопрос о распределении благ в условиях ограниченного количества ресурсов.

Вопросы, на которые отвечает экономика: "Как производить?" - "Что производить?" - "Для кого производить" и "Каким образом?".

Существует также множество экономических теорий ( школ) которые пытались обосновать свою теорию и соответственно, разрешить необходимые вопросы. Некоторые из них выписаны ниже.

– Меркантилизм (представитель - Томас Монкретьен)

Вопросы, на которые было необходимо ответить теории меркантилизма во многом упирались в реабилитацию торговли, вопрос – каким образом это можно сделать? Также было необходимо исследовать многие вопросы относительно природных ресурсов.

– Марксизм (представитель - Карл Маркс)

В основе марксизма лежало уничтожение частной собственности, ставился вопрос о возведении коммунизма, с основанием как такового рабочего класса пролетариата. Все это тоже было необходимо рассматривать под разными углами, отвечая на вопросы.

– Институционализм (представитель - Джон Гелбрейт)

Институционалисты пытались ответить на вопрос того, как можно сопоставить современного человека с реалиями постиндустриального общества. Это была основная цель и задача.

Answer 2

Representatives of Economic Science and the Questions They Tried to Answer

Representatives of economic science have sought to answer various questions related to the field of economics. These questions cover a wide range of topics and have evolved over time as new challenges and developments have emerged. Here are some of the key questions that economists have attempted to address:

1. What is the nature of economic activity? Economists have sought to understand the fundamental principles that govern economic behavior, such as the laws of supply and demand, the role of incentives, and the allocation of scarce resources.

2. How do markets function? Economists have studied the mechanisms by which goods and services are exchanged in markets, including the forces that determine prices, the role of competition, and the impact of market failures.

3. What drives economic growth and development? Economists have explored the factors that contribute to economic growth, such as technological progress, investment in physical and human capital, and institutional frameworks that support entrepreneurship and innovation.

4. How does government intervention affect the economy? Economists have examined the impact of government policies and regulations on economic outcomes, including the effects of taxation, subsidies, trade barriers, and social welfare programs.

5. What causes economic fluctuations and crises? Economists have sought to understand the causes of business cycles, recessions, and financial crises, including factors such as changes in aggregate demand, monetary policy, and financial market dynamics.

6. How can economic inequality be addressed? Economists have analyzed the causes and consequences of income and wealth disparities, as well as potential policy interventions to reduce inequality, such as progressive taxation, education and training programs, and social safety nets.

7. How can economic systems be improved? Economists have proposed and evaluated different economic models and policy approaches, ranging from market-based capitalism to various forms of socialism, in order to identify ways to enhance economic efficiency, equity, and sustainability.

8. How can economic data be collected and analyzed? Economists have developed methodologies for collecting and analyzing economic data, including statistical techniques, econometric models, and the use of digital technologies and big data.

9. How can economic knowledge be disseminated and applied? Economists have worked on the dissemination of economic knowledge through research publications, teaching, policy advice, and public engagement, aiming to inform decision-making and improve economic outcomes.

It is important to note that the field of economics is vast and encompasses a wide range of sub-disciplines and research areas. The questions mentioned above represent only a selection of the many inquiries that economists have addressed throughout history.

I hope this provides a comprehensive overview of the questions that representatives of economic science have attempted to answer. Let me know if you have any further questions!