Question

Опираясь на сведения из энциклопедии интернета Подготовьте доклад о трудах Ломоносова как лингвиста Какое значение при определении статуса русского языка иметь его лингвистическое Наследие Помогите пожалуйста, срочно.​

Answer 1

Гениальность М.В. Ломоносова проявилась и в лингвистике.

Ученый изменил русский литературный язык, предложив новые правила.

Он замечал, что русский литературный стал грешить нерусскими и устаревшими словами. Ломоносов решил, что стоит развить литературный язык на народной основе, сочетая достоинство первого и второго.

Моим современникам он оставил учение о "трех штилях", которое изложено в работе " О пользе книг церковных в российском языке" ( 1757). Ломоносов разделил слова на три "речения" . Он отнес к первому общие слова для русского и славянского - "почитаю", "ныне"," слава". Ко второму - славянские, редко употребляемые , но всем известные ("господень","взываю"), неупотребительные, устаревшие ( рясны- ожерелье, овогда - иногда). К третьему "приписал " русские слова ( "говорю"," ручей","пока"), которые были" взяты" из народной речи, а не из церковнославянского языка. В зависимости от употребления в речи и на письме выделил три "штиля " : " высокий", " средний" и низкий". Слова разных стилей , полагал Ломоносов, стоит употреблять в разных литературных произведениях.

Ломоносов успешно боролся с засорением русского "иностранщиной". При составлении своих трудов прекрасный знаток заменял английские, немецкие , французские слова и выражения русскими : земная ось, воздушный насос, магнитная стрелка, "о законах движения" вместо " о силах тел подвиженному вданных"... Великий ученый не стал переводить те устойчивые обороты и слова, которые прижились в русском, он лишь сделал их благозвучными : оризонт заменил горизонтом, препорцию - пропорцией.

Русский язык благодаря реформе М. В. Ломоносова стал занимать прочное место в научных трудах, определенным образом был систематизирован, дополнен. Ученый обозначил путь, по которому должна идти отечественная лингвистика.

Answer 2

Mikhail Lomonosov as a Linguist

Mikhail Lomonosov (1711-1765) was a prominent Russian polymath who made significant contributions to various fields, including linguistics. As a linguist, Lomonosov played a crucial role in shaping the status and development of the Russian language. His linguistic works had a profound impact on the study and preservation of the Russian language, and his legacy continues to influence linguistic research to this day.

Lomonosov's linguistic contributions can be categorized into three main areas: standardization of the Russian language, grammar studies, and phonetics.

Standardization of the Russian Language

One of Lomonosov's most significant contributions was his efforts to standardize the Russian language. During his time, the Russian language was still evolving and lacked a unified set of rules and norms. Lomonosov recognized the importance of establishing a standardized language for communication, literature, and education.

To achieve this goal, Lomonosov worked on creating a grammar book called "Grammatika" (1755). This book aimed to establish a set of rules for the Russian language, including spelling, grammar, and syntax. Lomonosov's work laid the foundation for the modern Russian language and helped establish it as a standardized and unified system of communication.

Grammar Studies

Lomonosov's linguistic works also focused on the study of grammar. He analyzed the structure and rules of the Russian language, aiming to understand its underlying principles and improve its clarity and precision.

In his work "Russkaya Grammatika" (Russian Grammar), Lomonosov explored various aspects of grammar, including morphology (the study of word forms and their relationships) and syntax (the study of sentence structure). He examined the declension and conjugation patterns of Russian nouns and verbs, analyzed sentence construction, and proposed rules for correct usage.

Lomonosov's grammar studies not only contributed to the understanding of the Russian language but also influenced the development of linguistic theories and methodologies.

Phonetics

Lomonosov also made significant contributions to the field of phonetics, which is the study of speech sounds and their production, transmission, and perception. He conducted experiments and observations to analyze the sounds of the Russian language and proposed improvements to its phonetic system.

In his work "Opyt Grammatiki Russkoy" (An Essay on Russian Grammar), Lomonosov introduced the concept of vowel reduction, which refers to the phenomenon of certain vowels becoming less pronounced in unstressed syllables. This observation was crucial in understanding the phonetic patterns of the Russian language and its pronunciation rules.

Lomonosov's work in phonetics laid the groundwork for further research in this field and contributed to the understanding of the sound system of the Russian language.

The Significance of Lomonosov's Linguistic Legacy

Lomonosov's linguistic contributions had a profound impact on the status and development of the Russian language. His efforts to standardize the language provided a solid foundation for its further growth and development. The grammar rules and norms established by Lomonosov continue to be influential in modern Russian language education and literature.

Furthermore, Lomonosov's linguistic works set a precedent for future linguistic research in Russia and beyond. His systematic approach to studying grammar and phonetics laid the groundwork for the development of linguistic theories and methodologies. His observations and analyses of the Russian language contributed to the understanding of its structure, rules, and phonetic patterns.

In conclusion, Mikhail Lomonosov's contributions as a linguist were significant and far-reaching. His work in standardizing the Russian language, studying grammar, and analyzing phonetics had a lasting impact on the development and status of the Russian language. His linguistic legacy continues to be influential in linguistic research and the study of the Russian language.