Question

Ученик пятого класса Максим зимой побывал в Архангельской области, богатой лесами, и своими глазами увидел процесс лесозаготовки. Учитель технологии попросил Максима рассказать об увиденном ребятам. Вот его рассказ. «Мой дядя, владелец маленькой компании "Хороший лес", взял в аренду хвойную делянку и вместе со своими рабочими стал пилить на ней сосны и ели. Для пиления они использовали бензопилы, очень громко, но быстро работающие. Только у одного из рабочих бензопила работала тише остальных, потому что он подключал её к электрическому кабелю, идущему от большого электрогенератора. Спиленные деревья обрабатывали рубанками, срубая со стволов ветви и сучки. Нужно было подготовить пиловочник. Пиловочник – это сырьё для изготовления таких пиломатериалов, как бруски, рельсы, обрезные доски, шпалы, горбыли, кряжи. Его получают путём продольного пиления хлыстов деревьев. Мне разрешили произвести измерения подготовленных брёвен, диаметр верхнего торца должен был составлять от 180 до 470 миллиметров, а длина – 6 метров. Все мои брёвна подошли, только одно бревно было отбраковано из-за сильной свилеватости, но дядя сказал, что он распилит его на чураки и подарит своему знакомому мастеру, который делает деревянные скульптуры, и для которого такая древесина – "настоящий клад"». Выслушав рассказ Максима, учитель похвалил ученика за интерес к техно-логии, но в то же время вынужден был указать ему на допущенные ошибки. Внимательно прочитайте рассказ школьника и найдите ошибки технико-технологического характера, которые допустил Максим.

Answer 1

Интересная задача, смотри что заметил:
1. Бензопила не может работать от электричества
2. Рубанком ветви и сучки не срубают
3. Из пиловочника делают только брус и доски
4. По ГОСТу пиловочник составляет диаметр от 140 до 450мм и длина от 3 до 6.5 метров
5. Я СОМНЕВАЮСЬ, НО НАПИШУ: СИЛЬНАЯ СВИЛИВАТОСТЬ ПРИ ТАКОЙ ДЛИННЕ СТВОЛА НЕДОПУСТИМА, ПОЧЕМУ ТОГДА СПИЛИЛИ ЭТО ДЕРЕВО?

Answer 2

Errors in Maxim's Story

While Maxim's story about his experience in the Arkhangelsk region and witnessing the logging process is interesting, there are a few technical errors in his account. Let's identify and correct them:

1. Maxim mentioned that his uncle, the owner of the small company "Good Forest," rented a coniferous plot of land and started cutting down pine and spruce trees. However, he stated that they used chainsaws for cutting, which are very loud. He also mentioned that one of the workers had a quieter chainsaw because he connected it to an electric cable from a large generator. This is incorrect because chainsaws are typically powered by gasoline engines and do not require an electric cable for operation.

2. Maxim mentioned that the felled trees were processed using planes to remove branches and twigs. However, the correct term for the tool used in this process is a "debarker" or "bark spud," not a plane.

3. Maxim mentioned the term "pilovochik" when referring to the processed logs. However, the correct term is "pilovochka" or "sawlog" in English. Sawlogs are the raw material used for producing various lumber products such as beams, boards, and railway sleepers.

4. Maxim mentioned that he was allowed to measure the prepared logs, and the diameter of the top end should be between 180 and 470 millimeters, with a length of 6 meters. While the length is correct, the diameter range seems to be too wide. Typically, the diameter of sawlogs is measured at the small end, not the top end, and the range may vary depending on the specific requirements of the lumber industry.

5. Maxim mentioned that one log was rejected due to severe "svilevatost" (twisting). However, the correct term for this defect is "crook" or "warping." Twisting or warping refers to the deformation of the log caused by uneven drying or growth stresses.

Let's correct these errors and provide a revised version of Maxim's story:

Maxim's Revised Story:

During my winter visit to the Arkhangelsk region, which is known for its abundant forests, I had the opportunity to witness the logging process firsthand. My uncle, who owns a small company called "Good Forest," had rented a plot of land with coniferous trees. Together with his workers, he began cutting down pine and spruce trees using chainsaws. These chainsaws were powerful and efficient, although quite loud. However, one of the workers had a quieter chainsaw because he connected it to an electric cable from a large generator.

After the trees were felled, they were processed using debarkers to remove the bark, branches, and twigs. The processed logs, known as sawlogs or "pilovochka," are the raw material used for producing various lumber products such as beams, boards, and railway sleepers.

I was given the opportunity to measure the prepared logs. The diameter of the small end of the logs should ideally fall within a specific range, depending on the requirements of the lumber industry. However, I made an error in my previous account by stating that the diameter should be measured at the top end, which is incorrect.

Most of the logs met the required specifications, except for one that was rejected due to severe crooking or warping. My uncle decided to cut it into smaller pieces called "churaks" and gift them to a skilled woodcarver who creates wooden sculptures. For him, such wood is considered a valuable find.

My teacher commended my interest in technology but also pointed out the technical errors in my story. I appreciate the feedback and will make sure to correct these mistakes in the future.