Question

Интересные факты о манганине

Answer 1

В англоязычной литературе господствует[1] утверждение о том, что манганин впервые был получен американским изобретателем Эдвардом Вестоном в 1888 [2] на основе константана, как материал для катушек электроизмерительных приборов, сопротивление которого не зависит от температуры. В патенте описан сплав содержащий 70 % меди и 30 % марганца (который для снижения стоимости допускается заменить ферромарганцем). Изобретатель назвал его "Сплав №3", но германские производители, у которых он разместил заказ на производство проволоки из нового материала, дали ему собственное наименование "Манганин" [3] под которым он получил известность.

Answer 2

Interesting Facts about Manganese

Manganese is a chemical element with the symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is a transition metal that is commonly found in the Earth's crust. Here are some interesting facts about manganese:

1. Abundance and Distribution: Manganese is the 12th most abundant element in the Earth's crust, with an estimated concentration of around 0.1%. It is widely distributed and can be found in various minerals, rocks, soil, and even in the ocean.

2. Physical and Chemical Properties: Manganese is a hard, brittle, silvery-gray metal. It has a melting point of 1,246 degrees Celsius (2,275 degrees Fahrenheit) and a boiling point of 2,061 degrees Celsius (3,742 degrees Fahrenheit). It is a good conductor of electricity and is highly reactive, especially when heated.

3. Biological Importance: Manganese is an essential trace element for all living organisms. It plays a vital role in various biological processes, including the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and cholesterol. Manganese is also involved in the formation of bones, connective tissues, and blood clotting.

4. Industrial Applications: Manganese has numerous industrial applications due to its unique properties. It is primarily used in the production of steel, where it acts as a deoxidizer and desulfurizer. Manganese is also used in the production of batteries, ceramics, pigments, fertilizers, and as a catalyst in chemical reactions.

5. Manganese Mining: Manganese is primarily extracted from the ore pyrolusite (MnO2) through a process called reduction. The main producers of manganese are South Africa, Australia, China, Gabon, and Brazil.

6. Manganese Alloys: Manganese is often alloyed with other metals to enhance their properties. One common alloy is ferromanganese, which contains about 80% manganese and is used in the production of steel. Other manganese alloys include spiegeleisen, silicomanganese, and high-carbon ferromanganese.

7. Health Effects: While manganese is essential for human health in small amounts, excessive exposure to manganese can have adverse effects. Prolonged exposure to high levels of manganese can lead to neurological disorders, such as manganism, which resembles Parkinson's disease.

Please note that the information provided above is based on search results and should be verified with additional sources for accuracy.