Question

49. Берілген жоспар мен тірек тірек сөздерді пайдаланып тақырбынада маналог құра. Жоспар: 1.Арал теңізі 2. Арал теңізінің аймаққа айналуы 3. Арал теңізін құтқару шаралары Тірек сөздер: Арал теңізі, мен, апатты аймақ, қазір, ғаламдық мәселе, буға айналу, аударылды, бұрынғыдай, су, аз, айналдым, суалып қалды. қазір • Монологіңді былай деп баста: Мен Арал теңізімін. ...​

Answer 1

Объяснение:

Арал теңізі, Кайнозой дәуірінің орта шетінде, яғни бұдан 21 млн. 1200 жыл бұрын Каспий теңізіне қосылып жатқан. Бұған теңіздің терістік бетіндегі қазіргі Сарышығанақ, Ақеспе тұсынан 80 метр тереңдіктен Олигоцен уақытында өмір сүрген қызыл балықтың, ірі ұлудың, киттің омыртқа сүйектерінің тасқа айнала бастаған күйінде табылуы дәлел болмақ. Бұл теңіздің кезінде мұхитпен қосылып жатқандығын көрсетеді. Сондай-ақ Арал маңынан акуланың тісі мен сүйегі табылды. ХІХ ғасырдың орта кезіндегі Арал-Каспий ойпатының пайда болуы жөніндегі болжамдардан Арал бассейнінің геологиялық ерте кезеңде Жерорта теңізімен тұтасып жатқан су айдыны екенін, оның кейінгі Альпілік дәуірлерде жер қыртысының көтерілуіне байланысты ұсақ су айдындарына бөлінгенін білеміз. Сондай-ақ, Арал теңізінің көлемі жайлы, Арал теңізі жайлы ұғымдар сонау ерте дүние әдебиеттерінде де кездеседі.

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Answer 2

The Aral Sea and its Environmental Crisis

The Aral Sea is a landlocked body of water located in Central Asia, between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. It was once one of the four largest lakes in the world, covering an area of approximately 68,000 square kilometers. However, over the past few decades, the Aral Sea has experienced a severe environmental crisis, resulting in significant shrinkage and ecological damage.

Causes of the Aral Sea Crisis

The Aral Sea crisis can be attributed to a combination of factors, including human activities and natural processes. Here are some of the key causes:

1. Diversion of Rivers: One of the main causes of the Aral Sea crisis is the diversion of rivers that feed into the sea. In the 1960s, the Soviet Union implemented large-scale irrigation projects in the region, diverting water from the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers for agricultural purposes. As a result, the inflow of water into the Aral Sea was significantly reduced, leading to its gradual desiccation [[1]].

2. Climate Change: Climate change has also played a role in the shrinking of the Aral Sea. Rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns have contributed to increased evaporation rates, further reducing the water levels in the sea [[2]].

3. Pollution and Salinization: The diversion of rivers and the shrinking of the sea have resulted in increased salinity levels. As the water receded, the exposed seabed became highly saline, leading to the release of toxic chemicals and pollutants into the air. This has had severe consequences for the local ecosystem and human health [[3]].

Impact of the Aral Sea Crisis

The environmental crisis of the Aral Sea has had far-reaching consequences for the region. Here are some of the major impacts:

1. Loss of Biodiversity: The shrinking of the Aral Sea has caused the loss of numerous plant and animal species that were once abundant in the area. The decline in water levels and increased salinity have made the remaining water inhospitable for many aquatic organisms [[4]].

2. Health Issues: The release of toxic chemicals and pollutants from the exposed seabed has had detrimental effects on human health. Respiratory problems, skin diseases, and an increase in certain types of cancers have been reported among the local population [[5]].

3. Economic Consequences: The Aral Sea crisis has had significant economic implications for the region. The decline in fish stocks and the loss of agricultural land due to salinization have affected the livelihoods of local communities. The fishing industry, once a major source of income, has collapsed, and agricultural productivity has been severely impacted [[6]].

Efforts to Address the Aral Sea Crisis

Recognizing the severity of the Aral Sea crisis, various initiatives have been undertaken to mitigate its effects and restore the ecosystem. Some of these efforts include:

1. Water Management Projects: International organizations, such as the World Bank and the United Nations, have supported projects aimed at improving water management in the region. These projects focus on restoring the flow of water to the Aral Sea by improving irrigation practices and reducing water wastage [[7]].

2. Ecological Restoration: Efforts are underway to restore the ecological balance of the Aral Sea region. This includes planting vegetation to stabilize the exposed seabed, reintroducing native fish species, and implementing measures to reduce pollution and salinization [[8]].

3. International Cooperation: The Aral Sea crisis is a transboundary issue that requires international cooperation. Countries in the region, including Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, have been working together to address the crisis and develop sustainable solutions [[9]].

Conclusion

The Aral Sea crisis is a complex environmental issue that has had devastating consequences for the region. The diversion of rivers, climate change, and pollution have all contributed to the shrinking of the sea and the degradation of its ecosystem. Efforts are being made to restore the Aral Sea and mitigate the impacts of the crisis, but the road to recovery is challenging. International cooperation and sustainable water management practices will be crucial in ensuring the long-term health and viability of the Aral Sea and its surrounding areas.