Question

Цели реформы Никона???

Answer 1

Создание в России государства с характерной особенностью Церковного общества (чтобы церковь участвовала в политической и социальной жизни  страны). Это не произошло. 2. Сделать в стране папскую область,на примере Ватикана. Этого тоже не случилось. 3. Новые обряды и законы в духовной жизни страны. Это произошло.

Answer 2

The Goals of Nikon's Reforms

The reforms of Nikon, also known as the Nikonian reforms, were a series of religious and administrative changes implemented in the Russian Orthodox Church during the 17th century. These reforms were initiated by Patriarch Nikon, who aimed to centralize and standardize religious practices within the church. The goals of Nikon's reforms can be summarized as follows:

1. Standardization of Liturgical Practices: One of the main objectives of Nikon's reforms was to standardize the liturgical practices of the Russian Orthodox Church. Nikon sought to bring the Russian Church in line with the practices of the Greek Orthodox Church, which he believed to be more authentic and closer to the original Christian traditions. He introduced changes to the liturgy, including the order of worship, the use of liturgical books, and the pronunciation of certain prayers.

2. Correction of Liturgical Texts: Another goal of Nikon's reforms was to correct what he believed to be errors and corruptions in the liturgical texts used by the Russian Church. He aimed to restore the accuracy and purity of the liturgical texts by comparing them to the Greek originals and making necessary revisions. This included changes to the wording, spelling, and punctuation of the texts.

3. Centralization of Church Authority: Nikon sought to centralize the authority of the Russian Orthodox Church under the Patriarchate of Moscow. He aimed to strengthen the position of the Patriarch and reduce the influence of regional bishops and monastic communities. This centralization of power was intended to enhance the unity and coherence of the church.

4. Enhancement of Church Hierarchy: Nikon aimed to elevate the status and authority of the Russian Orthodox Church within the broader Orthodox Christian world. He sought to establish the Moscow Patriarchate as the leading authority among the Orthodox churches and to strengthen its ties with the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. This included efforts to secure recognition and support from other Orthodox churches.

5. Promotion of Religious Education: Nikon emphasized the importance of religious education and the training of clergy. He aimed to improve the education and qualifications of priests and monks, ensuring that they were well-versed in the liturgical practices and teachings of the church. This was seen as crucial for the preservation and dissemination of Orthodox Christian traditions.

It is important to note that Nikon's reforms were met with resistance and controversy, leading to a schism within the Russian Orthodox Church known as the Raskol. The reforms were seen by some as an attempt to impose foreign practices and undermine traditional Russian religious customs. The schism resulted in the formation of the Old Believer movement, which rejected Nikon's reforms and continued to adhere to the pre-reform traditions of the Russian Church.

Overall, Nikon's reforms aimed to bring the Russian Orthodox Church closer to the practices and standards of the broader Orthodox Christian world, while also consolidating the authority and unity of the church within Russia.