Question

Какие реформы провел Перикл? Какая часть населения Афин не принимала участия в управлении?

Answer 1

1.) Меры по демократизации общества
2.) Отмена имущественного ценза
3.) Приизбрании должностных лиц, голосование сменилось жеребьевкой
4) Введение оплаты должностным лицам, при осуществлении ими своей профессиональной деятельности.

Рабы не принимали участия в управлении. 
 

Answer 2

Reforms of Pericles

Pericles was an influential statesman and general in ancient Athens during the 5th century BCE. He is known for implementing several reforms that shaped the political and cultural landscape of Athens. Here are some of the key reforms attributed to Pericles:

1. Democracy: Pericles is often credited with strengthening and expanding democracy in Athens. He introduced measures that increased the power of the Assembly, which was the main democratic institution. He also expanded the number of citizens eligible to participate in the Assembly by allowing the lower classes to hold public office and receive payment for their services.

2. Pay for Public Service: Pericles introduced a system of payment for public service, which allowed even the poorest citizens to participate in the government. This helped to reduce corruption and ensure that public office was accessible to a wider range of citizens.

3. Building Programs: Pericles initiated ambitious building programs in Athens, including the construction of the Parthenon and other major public buildings. These projects not only beautified the city but also provided employment opportunities for the citizens.

4. Imperial Policies: Pericles pursued an imperialistic policy that expanded Athens' influence and control over other city-states in the Delian League. This allowed Athens to accumulate wealth and power, which in turn funded many of the reforms and building projects.

5. Cultural Patronage: Pericles was a strong supporter of the arts and sciences. He encouraged the development of drama, philosophy, and other intellectual pursuits. This period is often referred to as the "Golden Age of Athens" due to the flourishing of arts and culture.

Exclusion from Governance

While Pericles implemented reforms that expanded democracy in Athens, it is important to note that not all segments of the population were included in the political process. Women, slaves, and foreigners were generally excluded from participating in the government and holding public office. Athenian democracy was limited to adult male citizens who were born to Athenian parents.

The exclusion of certain groups from governance was a common practice in ancient Greece, and Athens was no exception. Women had limited rights and were not considered citizens. Slaves were considered property and had no political rights. Foreigners, or "metics," had some legal protections but were not allowed to participate in the political process.

It is worth noting that while Pericles expanded democracy and made it more inclusive for a larger portion of the male citizen population, it did not extend to all members of Athenian society.