Question

1. Какие изменения в экономике индустриальных стран произошли в 1945-1970 гг.? 1) произошел спад экономики во всем мире 2) в течение всего периода побежденные страны не смогли справиться с экономическими трудностями 3) экономический подъем наблюдался только в США 4) во всех индустриальных странах происходил масштабный и продолжительный экономический подъем 2. Какие международные условия вызвали послевоенный экономический рост? Укажите четыре верных ответа из восьми предложенных. 1) высокие цены на сырье и энергоносители; 2) региональная экономическая интеграция 3) стабильность международной валютной системы 4) проведение ведущими индустриальными странами политики протекционизма 5) использование странами-победительницами репараций с Италии и Японии для подъема своих экономик 6) либерализация мировой торговли; 7) регулирующая роль государства 8) предоставление СССР экономической помощи странам Западной Европы для восстановления разрушенного войной хозяйства 3. Какое решение было принято на конференции в Бретон-Вудсе? 1) превращение доллара в мировую конвертируемую валюту 2) превращение евро в мировую конвертируемую валюту 3) создание интеграционного объединения стран Западной Европы 4) установление фиксированной цены на нефть 4. Каково было содержание Генерального соглашения о торговле и тарифах (ГАТТ)? 1) усилены таможенные барьеры между ведущими промышленными странами 2) сняты или снижены пошлины на многие наименования товаров 3) создан таможенный союз стран Западной Европы и США 4) установлены жесткие международные таможенные пошлины на промышленные товары

Answer 1

1-4)
2-3) 6) 8) 5)
3-1)
4-2)

Answer 2

Changes in the Economy of Industrialized Countries (1945-1970)

During the period from 1945 to 1970, significant changes occurred in the economies of industrialized countries. Let's examine the statements provided and determine which ones are accurate based on the search results.

1. The global economy experienced a downturn: True. The worldwide economy faced challenges during this period, including the impact of World War II and the subsequent process of rebuilding.

2. Defeated countries struggled with economic difficulties: True. The countries that were defeated in World War II, such as Germany and Japan, faced significant economic challenges in the aftermath of the war.

3. Economic growth was observed only in the United States: False. Economic growth was not limited to the United States alone. While the United States experienced substantial economic growth during this period, other industrialized countries also witnessed significant and sustained economic growth.

4. Massive and prolonged economic growth occurred in all industrialized countries: True. The economies of many industrialized countries experienced substantial growth during this period. This growth was characterized by increased industrial production, rising living standards, and technological advancements.

Based on the search results, statements 1, 2, and 4 are accurate.

International Conditions that Triggered Post-War Economic Growth

The post-war economic growth was influenced by various international conditions. Let's identify the four correct answers from the given options:

1. High prices for raw materials and energy resources: True. The high prices for raw materials and energy resources contributed to the economic growth of many countries during this period.

2. Regional economic integration: True. Regional economic integration, such as the establishment of the European Economic Community (EEC), played a role in promoting economic growth.

3. Stability of the international monetary system: True. The stability of the international monetary system, including the Bretton Woods system, provided a favorable environment for economic growth.

4. Implementation of protectionist policies by leading industrialized countries: False. The implementation of protectionist policies by leading industrialized countries did not contribute to post-war economic growth. In fact, the period after World War II saw a move towards greater trade liberalization and the reduction of trade barriers.

5. Use of reparations from Italy and Japan by victorious countries to boost their economies: False. The victorious countries did not use reparations from Italy and Japan to boost their own economies. Instead, efforts were made to rebuild and stabilize the economies of these defeated countries.

6. Liberalization of global trade: True. The liberalization of global trade, through initiatives like the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), played a significant role in promoting economic growth.

7. Regulatory role of the state: True. The state played a regulatory role in the post-war economic growth, implementing policies to support economic development and stability.

8. Provision of economic assistance by the USSR to Western European countries for the reconstruction of war-damaged economies: True. The USSR provided economic assistance to Western European countries as part of efforts to rebuild their war-damaged economies.

Based on the search results, the four correct answers are 1, 2, 3, and 6.

Decisions Made at the Bretton Woods Conference

The Bretton Woods Conference, held in 1944, resulted in several important decisions. Let's identify the correct decision from the given options:

1. Transformation of the dollar into a globally convertible currency: True. One of the key decisions made at the Bretton Woods Conference was the establishment of the U.S. dollar as the global reserve currency, which was convertible into gold at a fixed rate.

2. Transformation of the euro into a globally convertible currency: False. The euro did not exist at the time of the Bretton Woods Conference, which took place in 1944. The euro was introduced as a currency in 1999.

3. Creation of an integration union of Western European countries: False. The creation of an integration union of Western European countries was not a decision made at the Bretton Woods Conference. However, the conference did lay the groundwork for future regional economic integration efforts, such as the European Economic Community.

4. Establishment of a fixed price for oil: False. The establishment of a fixed price for oil was not a decision made at the Bretton Woods Conference. The pricing of oil is determined by market forces and is subject to fluctuations.

Based on the search results, the correct decision made at the Bretton Woods Conference was the transformation of the dollar into a globally convertible currency.

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) had a specific content. Let's identify the correct statement from the given options:

1. Customs barriers between leading industrialized countries were strengthened: False. The purpose of the GATT was to reduce trade barriers and promote free trade, not to strengthen customs barriers.

2. Tariffs on many goods were removed or reduced: True. One of the main objectives of the GATT was to reduce tariffs on goods and promote trade liberalization.

3. A customs union of Western European countries and the United States was created: False. The creation of a customs union between Western European countries and the United States was not part of the GATT.

4. Strict international customs duties were imposed on industrial goods: False. The GATT aimed to reduce customs duties and promote trade liberalization, rather than imposing strict international customs duties on industrial goods.

Based on the search results, the correct statement is that tariffs on many goods were removed or reduced under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).

Please note that the search results provided limited information for some of the questions.