Question

А) Февральская революция в России (1917) Б) Ноябрьская революция в Германии (1918) В) Национальная революции в Китае (1925 - 1927) Г) Национальная революция в Турции (1920 - 1923) 1) приход к власти большевиков; 2) провозглашение республики, ликвидация халифата, модернизация страны по европейскому образцу; 3) свержение монархии, провозглашение демократических прав и свобод, создание Веймарской республики; 4) провозглашение республики под властью Центральной Рады; 5) свержение самодержавия и создание демократического правительства; 6) о oбъединение страны под властью Гоминьдана, начало социально - экономических преобразований

Answer 1

А - 5
Б - 3
В - 2
Г - 6

Answer 2

February Revolution in Russia (1917)

The February Revolution in Russia took place in 1917 and marked the overthrow of the Russian monarchy and the establishment of a provisional government. The revolution was primarily driven by widespread discontent with the autocratic rule of Tsar Nicholas II, as well as the economic hardships and social inequality experienced by the Russian people. The revolution began with strikes and protests in Petrograd (now St. Petersburg) and quickly spread throughout the country. The key events of the February Revolution include:

1. Rise of the Bolsheviks: The February Revolution paved the way for the Bolshevik Party, led by Vladimir Lenin, to gain influence and eventually seize power in the October Revolution later that year.

2. Proclamation of the Republic: The provisional government that was established after the February Revolution proclaimed Russia as a republic, ending centuries of Romanov rule.

3. Liquidation of the Caliphate: The provisional government also made the decision to liquidate the Caliphate, severing the ties between the Russian Empire and the Islamic world.

4. Modernization of the Country: The provisional government initiated various reforms aimed at modernizing Russia along European lines. These reforms included the introduction of civil liberties, the establishment of a democratic system, and the implementation of social and economic changes.

November Revolution in Germany (1918)

The November Revolution in Germany occurred in 1918 and resulted in the collapse of the German monarchy and the establishment of the Weimar Republic. The revolution was triggered by a combination of factors, including the military defeat of Germany in World War I, the economic hardships faced by the German people, and the desire for political change. The key events of the November Revolution include:

1. Overthrow of the Monarchy: The revolution led to the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II and the end of the German monarchy.

2. Proclamation of Democratic Rights and Freedoms: The revolutionaries proclaimed democratic rights and freedoms, including freedom of speech, assembly, and the right to vote.

3. Establishment of the Weimar Republic: The revolutionaries established the Weimar Republic as the new democratic government of Germany.

National Revolution in China (1925-1927)

The National Revolution in China took place from 1925 to 1927 and was led by the Nationalist Party, also known as the Kuomintang (KMT), under the leadership of Sun Yat-sen and later Chiang Kai-shek. The revolution aimed to unify China, end foreign domination, and establish a modern, democratic government. The key events of the National Revolution include:

1. Unification under the Kuomintang: The National Revolution led to the unification of China under the leadership of the Kuomintang, which sought to end warlordism and establish a centralized government.

2. Social and Economic Reforms: The Kuomintang initiated social and economic reforms, including land redistribution, industrialization, and the promotion of education and women's rights.

3. Challenges and Civil War: The National Revolution faced challenges, including the split between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, as well as opposition from warlords and foreign powers. These challenges eventually led to a civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communists.

National Revolution in Turkey (1920-1923)

The National Revolution in Turkey, also known as the Turkish War of Independence, took place from 1920 to 1923 and resulted in the establishment of the Republic of Turkey. The revolution was led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and aimed to resist foreign occupation and create a modern, secular state. The key events of the National Revolution include:

1. Overthrow of the Ottoman Monarchy: The revolution led to the overthrow of the Ottoman monarchy and the end of the centuries-old Ottoman Empire.

2. Establishment of a Republic: The revolutionaries proclaimed the Republic of Turkey in 1923, with Mustafa Kemal Atatürk as its first president.

3. Secularization and Modernization: The revolution brought about significant reforms, including the separation of religion and state, the adoption of a new legal system based on European models, and the introduction of Western-style education and dress.

4. War of Independence: The National Revolution involved a war of independence against foreign powers, including Greece, France, Italy, and the United Kingdom, who sought to partition and control parts of Anatolia. The revolutionaries successfully repelled these forces and established Turkish sovereignty.

Please let me know if you need more information on any specific aspect of these revolutions!