Question

Какую роль в жизни древних цивилизаций играла окружа­ющая их естественная среда? Как строились взаимоотношения человека и природы в первобытнообщинном и цивилизованном обществах? Можно ли найти здесь какие-либо различия?

Answer 1

Учёные уже давно обратили внимание на то, что все древние цивилизации возникли в особых климатических условий: их зона охватывала территории с тропическим, субтропическим, и отчасти умеренным климатом. Конечно в глубокой древности обладая ещё несовершенным орудием труда, люди в очень сильной степени зависели от окружающий среды, и, если она создавала слишком большие препятствия это замедляло развитие.

Answer 2

Role of the Natural Environment in Ancient Civilizations

Ancient civilizations were deeply influenced by their natural surroundings, and the environment played a significant role in shaping their lives and societies. The natural environment provided essential resources for survival, influenced cultural practices, and affected the development of early civilizations.

Influence of Natural Environment: The natural environment provided resources such as water, fertile land, and raw materials for tools and construction. It also influenced the types of crops that could be grown and the availability of food sources. Additionally, geographical features such as rivers, mountains, and forests impacted trade routes, communication, and defense strategies.

Relationship Between Humans and Nature: In primitive communal societies, humans had a more direct and immediate relationship with nature. They relied on hunting, gathering, and simple agriculture for sustenance. As societies became more civilized, humans began to manipulate and control the environment through agriculture, irrigation, and urban planning.

Differences Between Primitive Communal and Civilized Societies: In primitive communal societies, the relationship between humans and nature was more immediate and directly dependent on natural resources for survival. As societies became more civilized, humans developed technologies and systems to harness and exploit the natural environment for agricultural, industrial, and urban purposes.

Conclusion: The natural environment played a crucial role in the lives of ancient civilizations, influencing their development, culture, and societal structures. The relationship between humans and nature evolved from a direct dependence in primitive communal societies to a more complex and controlled interaction in civilized societies.