Question

Охарактеризуйте успехи ремесла и внутренней и внешней торговли в России 16в, Какие внешнеполитические задачи возникали в связи с необходимостью ихх развития???помогите пожалуйстаочень нужно)))

Answer 1

Во-первых,происходит повышение производительности земледелия,рост торгово-ремесленного населения,усиление товарного характера ремесла,увеличение численности городов,развитие экономических связей между территориями и с другими странами
Во-вторых,(внешнеполитические) необходимость свержения ордынского ига,необходимость укрепления обороны русских земель от внешних врагов(Литва,Речь Посполитая,Ливонский орден,Швеция),стремление Русской Православной Церкви к централизованной власти с целью усиления своего влияния

Answer 2

Success of Crafts and Internal and External Trade in Russia in the 16th Century

In the 16th century, Russia experienced significant developments in crafts and internal and external trade, contributing to its economic growth and cultural exchange.

Crafts: Craft production in Russia during the 16th century saw notable advancements. The period witnessed the rise of various crafts such as metalworking, pottery, textiles, and woodworking. Skilled artisans and craftsmen played a crucial role in producing high-quality goods, meeting the demands of both the domestic and international markets [[1]].

Internal Trade: Internal trade within Russia flourished during the 16th century. The expansion of trade routes and the establishment of market towns facilitated the exchange of goods and services across different regions of the country. This internal trade network contributed to the economic development of various regions within Russia [[2]].

External Trade: Russia's external trade also experienced significant growth during the 16th century. The country actively engaged in trade with neighboring states and European powers, exporting goods such as furs, wax, honey, and timber. This external trade not only brought economic prosperity but also facilitated cultural exchange and the introduction of new technologies and ideas from abroad [[3]].

Foreign Policy Objectives Related to Trade Development

In the context of the growing importance of trade, Russia faced several foreign policy objectives to support and expand its trade networks and economic interests.

Access to Maritime Trade Routes: One of the key foreign policy objectives was to gain access to maritime trade routes. Russia sought to establish direct trade links with Western European countries and the Mediterranean region, which required navigating complex geopolitical dynamics and negotiating favorable trade agreements with maritime powers [[4]].

Diplomatic Relations with European Powers: Maintaining diplomatic relations with European powers was crucial for Russia's trade expansion. The country aimed to secure favorable trade treaties and alliances with major European states to facilitate the exchange of goods and ensure market access for Russian products [[5]].

Security of Trade Routes: Ensuring the security of trade routes, both overland and maritime, was a priority for Russia's foreign policy. This involved addressing potential threats from rival powers and safeguarding trade convoys to protect the flow of goods in and out of the country [[6]].

Cultural and Technological Exchange: Promoting cultural and technological exchange through diplomatic initiatives was another foreign policy objective. Russia sought to attract skilled artisans, merchants, and intellectuals from other countries to contribute to the development of its crafts, trade, and overall economic prosperity [[7]].

In summary, the 16th century in Russia witnessed significant achievements in crafts, internal trade, and external trade, accompanied by the emergence of various foreign policy objectives aimed at supporting trade development and economic growth.