Question

главное в законах Солона 1.Если должник не сумел отдать долг, то его самого запрещалось______________ 2.Архонтом мог стать (кто из граждан?)___________________________ 3. Судьи выбирались из (каких граждан?)

Answer 1

1) То его самого запрещалось брать в  рабство.
2) Архонтом мог стать не только знатный человек - достаточно было обладать богатством. Незнатные выходцы из демоса, разбогатевшие на морской торговле, владевшие кораблями, тоже могли занять должность архонта.
3) Народное собрание, в котором участвовали все афинские граждане.
4) Судьи должны были выбираться изо всех афинян независимо от их знатности и богатства.

Answer 2

The Laws of Solon

Solon was an ancient Athenian statesman and lawmaker who is credited with introducing significant reforms to the legal system of Athens in the 6th century BCE. His laws aimed to address social and economic inequalities and promote justice and stability in the city-state. Let's explore the main points of Solon's laws:

1. Debt Relief: If a debtor was unable to repay their debt, Solon's laws prohibited the creditor from seizing the debtor's person or property. This measure was known as the "seisachtheia," which literally means "shaking off burdens" or "disburdenment" [[1]]. It aimed to alleviate the economic hardships faced by debtors and prevent them from being enslaved or forced into servitude due to their debts.

2. Eligibility for Archon: The position of Archon, one of the highest offices in Athens, was open to a broader range of citizens under Solon's laws. Previously, only members of the aristocratic Eupatridae class were eligible for this position. Solon expanded the eligibility criteria to include members of the wealthy merchant class, known as the "Pentakosiomedimnoi," and the "Hippeis," who were the cavalry class. This change allowed a wider range of citizens to participate in the government and reduced the influence of the aristocracy [[2]].

3. Selection of Judges: