Question

Перечислите и объясните факторы , спосоствовавшие установлению абсолютных монархий

Answer 1

Характерные черты Абсолютной монархии:
1. Вся власть (судебная, законодательная, исполнительная) принадлежит одному человеку, монарху.
2. Отсутствие прав и свобод у граждан.
3. Отсутствие политических партий в стране.
4. Культ Монарха и представление правителя, как посланника Божьего.
5. Цензура во всех сферах жизни общества.
6. Отсутствие парламента или других органов ограничения власти правителя.

Answer 2

Factors Contributing to the Establishment of Absolute Monarchies

Absolute monarchies were a form of government in which a single ruler held complete authority and power over the state and its people. Several factors contributed to the establishment of absolute monarchies. Let's explore these factors in detail:

1. Consolidation of Power: One of the key factors that contributed to the establishment of absolute monarchies was the consolidation of power by the ruling monarch. This involved centralizing authority, weakening or eliminating competing power centers, and asserting control over various aspects of governance, including the military, judiciary, and administration.

2. Divine Right of Kings: The concept of the divine right of kings played a significant role in the establishment of absolute monarchies. According to this belief, monarchs were believed to be chosen by God and were therefore entitled to rule with absolute authority. This ideology provided a religious justification for the concentration of power in the hands of the monarch.

3. Weakness of Feudal System: The decline of the feudal system also contributed to the rise of absolute monarchies. Feudalism, with its fragmented power structure and decentralized authority, became increasingly ineffective in maintaining social order and stability. Monarchs took advantage of this weakness to assert their authority and establish centralized control over their realms.

4. Economic Factors: Economic factors, such as the need for stability and economic growth, also played a role in the establishment of absolute monarchies. Monarchs sought to create favorable conditions for trade, industry, and commerce, which required a stable and centralized government. By consolidating power, monarchs aimed to create a conducive environment for economic development.

5. Military Strength: The military strength of monarchs was another crucial factor in the establishment of absolute monarchies. Monarchs sought to build strong armies and maintain a monopoly on the use of force. This allowed them to suppress internal dissent, defend their territories, and expand their influence abroad.

6. Weakness of Nobility: The weakening of the nobility also contributed to the rise of absolute monarchies. Monarchs sought to curtail the power and influence of the nobility, who were traditionally seen as potential rivals or threats to their authority. By centralizing power, monarchs were able to diminish the influence of the nobility and establish themselves as the sole source of authority.

7. Historical Context: The historical context of each country also played a role in the establishment of absolute monarchies. Factors such as wars, political instability, and social unrest created conditions that favored the rise of strong central authority. Monarchs capitalized on these circumstances to establish their absolute rule.

In conclusion, the establishment of absolute monarchies was influenced by a combination of factors, including the consolidation of power, the belief in the divine right of kings, the weakness of feudalism, economic considerations, military strength, the weakening of the nobility, and the historical context of each country. These factors worked together to create a political system in which the monarch held absolute authority and power over the state and its people.