Question

Помогите пожалуйста товарищи. Целью "большого скачка" в Китае было: a) подавить оппозицию внутри КПК. б) за 7-10 лет обогнать по уровню развития СССР и США и построить коммунизм. в) за 7-10 лет восстановить экономику после второй мировой войны. г)ввести механизм рыночной экономики В годы "большого скачка" в Китае было: a)была объявлена "битва за сталь" б)были проведены демократические реформы в)была объявлена "битва за успех" г)была объявлена "народная война против природы" д) было проведено кооперирование деревни е) были созданы народные коммуны.

Answer 1

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The Great Leap Forward in China

The Great Leap Forward was a campaign launched by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1958 with the goal of rapidly transforming China from an agrarian society into a modern industrialized nation. The campaign aimed to achieve this goal through various means, including agricultural collectivization, industrialization, and mobilization of the masses.

The goal of the Great Leap Forward: The primary goal of the Great Leap Forward was to catch up with and surpass the level of development of the Soviet Union and the United States within 7-10 years and build a communist society. This goal was driven by the belief that China needed to rapidly industrialize and modernize in order to achieve true communism.

Methods used during the Great Leap Forward: During the Great Leap Forward, several methods were implemented to achieve the desired goals:

1. Agricultural collectivization: The campaign aimed to transform agriculture by organizing peasants into communes, pooling their resources, and implementing large-scale agricultural projects. However, this approach led to significant disruptions in agricultural production and resulted in widespread famine and food shortages.

2. Industrialization: The Great Leap Forward also focused on rapidly developing industry and infrastructure. This involved the establishment of backyard steel furnaces and the mobilization of the masses to produce steel and other industrial goods. However, the quality of the produced goods was often poor, and the focus on quantity over quality led to inefficiencies.

3. Mobilization of the masses: The campaign emphasized the active participation of the masses in various economic and social activities. This included the organization of mass campaigns, such as the "Battle for Steel," the "Battle for Success," and the "People's War Against Nature." These campaigns aimed to mobilize people to achieve specific targets, but they often resulted in unrealistic goals and the misallocation of resources.

4. Cooperativization of the countryside: The Great Leap Forward also involved the establishment of agricultural cooperatives, where peasants worked collectively and shared resources. This was intended to increase agricultural productivity and improve living conditions in rural areas.

Assessment of the Great Leap Forward: The Great Leap Forward had disastrous consequences for China. The campaign's emphasis on unrealistic goals, mismanagement, and the disruption of agricultural production led to a widespread famine known as the Great Chinese Famine. It is estimated that tens of millions of people died as a result of the famine and related issues.

The Great Leap Forward also had a significant impact on the Chinese economy, with industrial production suffering due to the focus on quantity over quality. The campaign's failures eventually led to a shift in leadership within the CCP and a reevaluation of economic policies.

In conclusion, the primary goal of the Great Leap Forward was to rapidly transform China into a modern industrialized nation and achieve communism. However, the campaign's methods, such as agricultural collectivization and industrialization, led to disastrous consequences, including widespread famine and economic setbacks.