Question

Как появилась наука география? Почему география была долгое время описательной наукой? Почему появилось множество географических наук?

Answer 1

Географию ввёл филосов Эрастофен. Ге означает земля, а графо описание, получается описание земли.она была долгое время описательной наукой потому ,что Эрастофен жил очень очень давно.

Answer 2

The Emergence of Geography as a Science

The science of geography emerged as a result of human curiosity about the world and the desire to understand and explain the Earth's physical features, human societies, and their interactions. The development of geography as a formal discipline can be traced back to ancient civilizations, such as the Greeks and Romans, who made significant contributions to geographical knowledge.

Ancient Contributions to Geography: - The ancient Greeks, including scholars like Eratosthenes and Strabo, made important contributions to geography. They developed the concept of latitude and longitude, calculated the Earth's circumference, and created maps based on their observations and measurements. - The Romans built upon the Greek knowledge and expanded their understanding of the world through exploration and conquest. They created detailed maps and recorded information about the lands they encountered.

Middle Ages and Renaissance: - During the Middle Ages, geography was primarily studied within the context of religious beliefs and the exploration of the Holy Land. Scholars like Al-Idrisi, a Muslim geographer, produced maps and geographical treatises that combined existing knowledge with new discoveries. - The Renaissance period witnessed a resurgence of interest in geography. Explorers like Christopher Columbus and Ferdinand Magellan embarked on voyages of discovery, leading to the expansion of geographical knowledge. Scholars like Gerardus Mercator developed new map projections, and advancements in cartography further contributed to the development of geography as a science.

The Descriptive Nature of Geography: For a long time, geography was primarily descriptive in nature. It focused on the observation, description, and classification of the Earth's physical features, climate, vegetation, and human societies. This descriptive approach was influenced by the limited technology and resources available to early geographers, as well as the prevailing philosophical and intellectual trends of the time.

Factors Contributing to the Descriptive Nature of Geography: - Limited Technology: Early geographers lacked advanced tools and technology for data collection and analysis. They relied on direct observation, travel accounts, and limited maps to gather information about the world. - Philosophical Influences: The philosophical ideas prevalent during different periods also shaped the nature of geography. For example, during the Enlightenment, there was a focus on empirical observation and classification, which influenced the descriptive approach in geography. - Lack of Systematic Framework: Geography lacked a systematic framework and standardized methodologies for data collection and analysis. This further contributed to its descriptive nature.

The Emergence of Specialized Geographic Disciplines: Over time, geography evolved into a more analytical and specialized field, leading to the emergence of various geographic disciplines. These disciplines focus on specific aspects of the Earth's physical and human systems, allowing for more in-depth study and analysis.

Factors Leading to the Emergence of Specialized Geographic Disciplines: - Advancements in Technology: The development of advanced technologies, such as remote sensing, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and satellite imagery, revolutionized data collection and analysis in geography. These technologies enabled geographers to study and analyze spatial patterns and processes in greater detail. - Interdisciplinary Connections: Geography began to intersect with other disciplines, such as geology, climatology, anthropology, and urban planning. This interdisciplinary approach led to the development of specialized geographic disciplines that focus on specific aspects of the Earth's systems. - Growing Complexity of Geographic Knowledge: As geographic knowledge expanded, it became increasingly challenging for geographers to cover all aspects of the discipline. Specialized disciplines emerged to address specific research questions and provide a more focused understanding of particular geographic phenomena.

In conclusion, the science of geography emerged from human curiosity and the desire to understand the Earth's physical features and human societies. It initially had a descriptive nature due to limited technology and philosophical influences. However, advancements in technology and the growing complexity of geographic knowledge led to the emergence of specialized geographic disciplines that focus on specific aspects of the Earth's systems.