Question

Почему в борьбе с фиодалами во франциии в англии победили короли?

Answer 1

В ходе столетней войны усилилась центральная власть и во Франции. Однако крупные феодалы, получившие во время войны от французского короля независимость, не желали с ней расставаться. Самым напряжённым периодом борьбы за объединение Франции стало правление Людовика Xl, против которого феодалы объединились в тайный союз. Вождём заговорщиков стал храбрый до безрассудства вояка герцог Бургундии Карл Смелый. В отличие от него, французский король не любил битв. Худой и сутулый, одетый в потёртый длинный камзол, постоянно занятый делами, Людовик был похож скорее на горожанина, чем на правителя Франции. Но за невзрачной внешностью скрывался хитрый и расчётливый человек. Словно паук, он заманивал противника в свои сети и уничтожал его. Так случилось и с Карлом Смелым. Не сумев одолеть герцога в открытом срадении, король поссорил его с бывшими друзьями, в борьбе с которыми тот погиб. После его смерти король рассправился и с другими мятежными феодалами.

Answer 2

Background on the Struggle Against Feudalism in France and England

In the struggle against feudalism in France and England, the victory of the kings can be attributed to several key factors.

Centralization of Power: The centralization of power by the kings in France and England played a significant role in their victory over the feudal lords. This centralization allowed the kings to consolidate authority and reduce the influence of the feudal system.

Military and Administrative Reforms: Both the French and English kings implemented military and administrative reforms that strengthened their control over the feudal lords. These reforms included the establishment of standing armies and the creation of administrative institutions to enforce royal authority.

Economic and Social Changes: Economic and social changes, such as the growth of towns and trade, also contributed to the weakening of feudal power and the strengthening of royal authority. The kings were able to capitalize on these changes to expand their influence.

Conflict and Negotiation: The conflict between the kings and the feudal lords often involved a combination of military confrontation and negotiation. The kings were adept at using both strategies to assert their authority and weaken the power of the feudal aristocracy.

Role of Church and Papacy: The support of the Church and the papacy was instrumental in the kings' struggle against the feudal lords. The kings often sought and received the backing of the Church, which provided them with moral and political legitimacy in their efforts to centralize power.

Conclusion

The victory of the kings in the struggle against feudalism in France and England can be attributed to a combination of factors, including the centralization of power, military and administrative reforms, economic and social changes, conflict and negotiation strategies, and the support of the Church and papacy. These factors collectively enabled the kings to overcome the resistance of the feudal lords and establish their authority.