Question

Які головні причини падіння республіки в Римі та встановлення імперії? 1 Особиста відданість армії вдалому полководцю, а не державі, 2 напади варварських пемен, З значне зростання меж держави, 4 широке застосування праці в усіх сферах життя, 5 припинення притоку до Риму Рабів і багатств, 6 поширення християнства, 7 поява могутніх ворогів​

Answer 1

Ответ:1,3

Объяснение:якщо відповідь тільки одна, то 3

Answer 2

Causes of the Fall of the Roman Republic and the Establishment of the Empire

The fall of the Roman Republic and the establishment of the Roman Empire were complex processes influenced by various factors. Let's examine the main causes mentioned in your question and provide a detailed explanation for each:

1. Personal loyalty to successful military commanders rather than the state: One of the key factors in the fall of the Roman Republic was the increasing power and influence of successful military commanders. These commanders, such as Julius Caesar and Pompey, gained immense popularity and loyalty from their troops. As a result, they were able to challenge the authority of the Senate and manipulate the political system to their advantage. This erosion of the Republic's political institutions weakened the state and eventually led to its downfall.

2. Invasions by barbarian tribes: The Roman Republic faced numerous invasions by barbarian tribes, particularly in the later years. These invasions put significant pressure on the Roman borders and strained the military resources of the Republic. The most notable example is the sack of Rome by the Visigoths in 410 AD, which highlighted the vulnerability of the city and the weakening of Roman power. The inability of the Republic to effectively defend its territories against these invasions contributed to its decline.

3. Significant expansion of the empire: The Roman Republic experienced significant territorial expansion, which brought both benefits and challenges. While the expansion brought wealth and resources to Rome, it also stretched the Republic's administrative capacity and strained its military forces. The vastness of the empire made it difficult to govern effectively, leading to administrative inefficiencies and corruption. This expansion also increased the economic disparities between the wealthy elite and the common people, contributing to social unrest and political instability.

4. Widespread use of slave labor: Slavery played a crucial role in the Roman Republic's economy. The widespread use of slave labor in various sectors, including agriculture and mining, led to the concentration of wealth in the hands of a few wealthy landowners. This concentration of wealth created social and economic inequalities, contributing to social unrest and political instability. Additionally, the reliance on slave labor hindered technological progress and innovation, as there was less incentive to develop labor-saving technologies.

5. Disruption of the flow of wealth and slaves to Rome: The decline of the Roman Republic coincided with disruptions in the flow of wealth and slaves to Rome. The conquest of new territories slowed down, reducing the influx of wealth and slaves into the city. This, combined with economic crises and political instability, led to a decline in the living standards of the Roman population. The loss of wealth and the decline in the availability of slaves weakened the economy and contributed to the overall decline of the Republic.

6. Spread of Christianity: The spread of Christianity in the Roman Empire had a profound impact on the social and cultural fabric of the society. As Christianity gained popularity, it challenged the traditional Roman religious beliefs and practices. This led to conflicts and divisions within the Roman society, further contributing to the weakening of the Republic. Additionally, the conversion of Emperor Constantine to Christianity and the subsequent adoption of Christianity as the state religion under Emperor Theodosius I marked a significant shift in the religious landscape of the empire and had long-lasting effects on its governance and culture.

7. Emergence of powerful enemies: The Roman Republic faced the emergence of powerful enemies, both external and internal. Internally, political factions and rivalries within the Republic weakened its unity and stability. Externally, the Republic faced threats from various powerful enemies, such as the Parthians in the east and the Germanic tribes in the north. These external threats put immense pressure on the Republic's military and resources, further contributing to its decline.

It is important to note that the fall of the Roman Republic and the establishment of the Roman Empire were complex processes influenced by multiple factors. While the causes mentioned above played significant roles, there were other contributing factors as well. The transition from a republic to an empire marked a significant turning point in Roman history and had far-reaching consequences for the subsequent development of Western civilization.