Question

Определите факторы, способствующие развитию торговли и препятствующие ей.​

Answer 1

Ответ:

1)Это нехватка каких либо ресурсов которые нужны вашему государству или наоборот ресурсы которые у вас в избытке

Answer 2

Factors Promoting Trade Development

Trade development is influenced by various factors that contribute to its growth and expansion. Some of the key factors promoting trade development include:

1. Economic Growth and Stability: A strong and stable economy provides a favorable environment for trade development. When a country experiences economic growth, it often leads to increased consumer demand, which in turn drives trade expansion. Economic stability, including low inflation rates and stable exchange rates, also encourages trade by reducing uncertainty and risk.

2. Technological Advancements: Technological advancements have revolutionized the way trade is conducted. The development of transportation infrastructure, such as railways, highways, and ports, has facilitated the movement of goods across borders. Additionally, advancements in communication technology, such as the internet and mobile devices, have made it easier for businesses to connect with customers and suppliers globally, thereby promoting trade.

3. Trade Liberalization: The removal of trade barriers, such as tariffs, quotas, and import/export restrictions, encourages trade development. Trade liberalization promotes competition, increases market access, and stimulates economic growth. Regional trade agreements, such as free trade agreements and customs unions, also play a significant role in facilitating trade by reducing trade barriers among participating countries.

4. Access to Financial Services: Access to financial services, including banking, insurance, and credit facilities, is crucial for trade development. Financial institutions provide the necessary capital and risk management tools that enable businesses to engage in international trade. Access to affordable credit and insurance products reduces the financial risks associated with cross-border transactions and encourages trade expansion.

5. Political Stability and Good Governance: Political stability and good governance create an environment conducive to trade development. Countries with stable political systems and effective governance structures are more likely to attract foreign investment and foster trade relationships. Transparent and efficient legal systems, protection of property rights, and the absence of corruption contribute to a favorable business climate, which promotes trade.

Factors Hindering Trade Development

While there are several factors that promote trade development, there are also obstacles that can hinder its growth. Some of the key factors that can impede trade development include:

1. Trade Barriers: Trade barriers, such as tariffs, quotas, and non-tariff barriers, restrict the flow of goods and services across borders. These barriers increase the cost of trade and limit market access, making it difficult for businesses to engage in international trade. Trade protectionism, which involves the imposition of trade barriers to protect domestic industries, can hinder trade development by reducing competition and market opportunities.

2. Lack of Infrastructure: Inadequate infrastructure, including transportation networks, ports, and logistics systems, can hinder trade development. Insufficient infrastructure leads to higher transportation costs, delays in delivery, and reduced efficiency in trade operations. Without proper infrastructure, businesses face challenges in accessing markets and delivering goods to customers, which can impede trade expansion.

3. Political Instability and Conflict: Political instability and conflict create an uncertain and risky environment for trade. Countries experiencing political turmoil or armed conflicts often face disruptions in trade activities, including the closure of borders, damage to infrastructure, and increased security risks. These factors can deter foreign investment and hinder trade development.

4. Lack of Access to Finance: Limited access to finance, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), can hinder trade development. SMEs often face difficulties in obtaining financing for export activities, including working capital, trade finance, and export credit insurance. The lack of financial resources can restrict their ability to engage in international trade and expand their market reach.

5. Regulatory and Administrative Burdens: Complex and burdensome regulatory and administrative procedures can impede trade development. Excessive paperwork, lengthy customs procedures, and inconsistent regulations increase transaction costs and create barriers to trade. Simplifying and streamlining trade-related processes, including customs clearance and documentation requirements, can facilitate trade and promote its development.

In conclusion, trade development is influenced by various factors, both promoting and hindering its growth. Factors such as economic growth, technological advancements, trade liberalization, access to financial services, and political stability contribute to trade development. On the other hand, trade barriers, lack of infrastructure, political instability, limited access to finance, and regulatory burdens can impede trade expansion.