Question

Какую роль выполняла деревенская община в японии

Answer 1

1 Распределением воды занимались.

2 Решали как использовать угодья.

3 Делило между жителями трудовые повинности.

Answer 2

The Role of the Village Community in Japan

The village community, also known as the "mura" or "son," played a significant role in the social, economic, and political structure of Japan. It was a fundamental unit of Japanese society and had a strong influence on the lives of its members. Here are some key aspects of the role of the village community in Japan:

1. Social Cohesion and Mutual Support: The village community in Japan fostered a sense of social cohesion and provided a support network for its members. People in the village worked together, shared resources, and helped each other in times of need. This collective spirit created a strong sense of community and solidarity among the villagers.

2. Agricultural Production: Agriculture was the primary economic activity in traditional Japanese villages. The village community played a crucial role in organizing and managing agricultural activities. Villagers worked collectively on communal lands, shared farming techniques and knowledge, and coordinated the cultivation and harvesting of crops. This cooperative approach ensured the efficient use of resources and contributed to the overall prosperity of the community.

3. Land Ownership and Distribution: The village community was responsible for managing and distributing land within the village. Land was typically owned collectively by the community, and individual households were allocated plots for cultivation based on their needs and contributions to the community. The village community also regulated land use, resolved disputes, and ensured equitable distribution of resources.

4. Local Governance: The village community had its own system of governance and administration. It was led by a village headman or elder, who was responsible for making decisions, resolving conflicts, and representing the community's interests. The village headman was often chosen based on their wisdom, experience, and leadership qualities. The village community also had its own set of rules and regulations, known as "mura no ho," which governed various aspects of village life.

5. Cultural and Religious Practices: The village community played a vital role in preserving and passing down cultural traditions and religious practices. Festivals, rituals, and ceremonies were organized by the community and provided opportunities for villagers to come together, celebrate, and reinforce their shared identity. These cultural practices helped maintain social cohesion and a sense of belonging among the villagers.

It is important to note that the role and structure of the village community in Japan have evolved over time, particularly with modernization and urbanization. However, the influence of the traditional village community can still be seen in certain rural areas of Japan.