Question

Объясните смысл идеи общественного договора, выдвинутой английскими мыслителями XVII в. Какое значение она имела?

Answer 1

Ответ:

Смысл идеи таков что люди частично откажутся от своих прав в пользу гос-ва. Что бы обеспечить свои интересы при посредничестве этого самого гос-ва. Общественный договор вообщем то означает соглашение, достигаемое гражданами по вопросам правил и принципов государственного управления с соответствующим им правовым оформлением.

А значение она имела воистину великое, эти идеи легли в основу  конституционной монархии, либеральной демократии и республиканизма. А так-же использовался в декларации независимости США. Так-что данная идея имеет огромное значение так как в невероятной степени повлияло на распространение идей демократии и всех присущих для неё вещей по всему миру.

Объяснение:

Answer 2

#### The Idea of the Social Contract in the 17th Century The idea of the social contract, put forth by English thinkers in the 17th century, was a concept that aimed to explain the origin and nature of political authority. It proposed that individuals voluntarily enter into a contract with each other and with the government to establish a society and to define the rights and obligations of both the citizens and the government. This concept was influential in shaping political philosophy and had significant implications for the understanding of government and individual rights. #### Meaning and Significance of the Social Contract Idea The idea of the social contract had several meanings and significance in the 17th century. Here are some key points to consider: 1. **Legitimacy of Government**: The social contract theory provided a justification for the legitimacy of government. It argued that political authority is derived from the consent of the governed. According to this theory, individuals willingly give up some of their natural rights and freedoms to a government in exchange for protection and the preservation of order in society. This idea challenged the traditional notion of divine right monarchy, which claimed that kings and queens ruled by the will of God. 2. **Equality and Natural Rights**: The social contract theory emphasized the idea of equality among individuals. It posited that all individuals are born with certain natural rights, such as life, liberty, and property. These rights are inherent and cannot be taken away by any government or authority. The social contract aimed to protect these rights and ensure that the government respects and upholds them. 3. **Mutual Obligations**: The social contract theory established a framework of mutual obligations between the citizens and the government. Citizens have the obligation to obey the laws and rules established by the government, while the government has the obligation to protect the rights and welfare of its citizens. This mutual agreement between the citizens and the government formed the basis of a just and stable society. 4. **Government by Consent**: The social contract theory emphasized the idea that government should be based on the consent of the governed. It argued that if a government fails to fulfill its obligations or violates the rights of its citizens, the citizens have the right to alter or abolish that government and establish a new one. This idea laid the groundwork for the concept of popular sovereignty, which asserts that the ultimate source of political power resides in the people. 5. **Influence on Enlightenment Thinkers**: The idea of the social contract had a profound influence on Enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. These thinkers further developed and expanded upon the concept, contributing to the development of modern political theory and the principles of democracy and individual rights. In conclusion, the idea of the social contract, proposed by English thinkers in the 17th century, aimed to explain the origin and nature of political authority. It emphasized the legitimacy of government based on the consent of the governed, the protection of natural rights, mutual obligations between citizens and the government, and the concept of government by consent. This idea had a significant impact on political philosophy and influenced the development of modern political theory.