
Пожалуйста!6 класс. Иван Грозный.Пожалуйста!6 класс. Иван Грозный. Опричнина.1. Каковы причины
введения опричнины? Чего хотел добиться Иван Грозный этим шагом?2.Как была введена опричнина? В чём выражалась опричная политика царя?3.Каковы последствия опричнины?

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2-было отобрано 1000 человек боярских детей из Вязьмы, Суздаля и др. городов. из них «Опричники» приносили особую присягу, они были должны не знаться, не вести никаких дел с «земскими». Они были подсудны только суду самого государя, получали вдвое большие денежные и земельные оклады, чем обычные дети боярские, центром опричного двора стала Александровская слобода. Функции опричников не ограничивались охраной царя. Опричники фактически стали первой на Руси спецслужбой. Их численность постепенно выросла до 6 тыс. воинов. Они носили чёрные одежды, их отличительными символами была метла и изображение собачьей головы – они должны были выметать нечисть, быть верными как псы, охраняя государя и державу.
3- . была ослаблена боярская аристократия, на первый план вышел дворянин,
в стране бушевала экономическая разруха; целые области были опустошены,
началось массовое бегство на окраину государства, ослабление внешнеполитических позиций, ослабление военной мощи государства, отдаленное, но прямое следствие опричнины - смута.
если ответ лучший отметь



Ivan the Terrible and the Oprichnina
Ivan the Terrible, also known as Ivan IV, was the first Tsar of Russia. He ruled from 1547 until his death in 1584. During his reign, Ivan implemented a policy known as the Oprichnina, which was a period of intense political repression and terror. Let's explore the reasons for the introduction of the Oprichnina, how it was implemented, and its consequences.
1. Reasons for the Introduction of the Oprichnina
The introduction of the Oprichnina was driven by several factors. Ivan the Terrible wanted to consolidate his power and eliminate any potential threats to his rule. He believed that the existing nobility and boyar class were conspiring against him and sought to establish a loyal and obedient group of followers. Additionally, Ivan was deeply affected by the death of his wife, Anastasia, in 1560, which led to a period of personal and emotional instability for him. These factors, combined with his desire for absolute control, led to the establishment of the Oprichnina.
2. Implementation and Policies of the Oprichnina
The Oprichnina was officially established in 1565. Ivan the Terrible divided the country into two parts: the Oprichnina and the Zemshchina. The Oprichnina was under Ivan's direct control and was governed by his loyal followers, known as the Oprichniki. They were given extensive powers and were responsible for enforcing Ivan's policies and suppressing any opposition. The Zemshchina, on the other hand, was governed by the traditional administrative system.
The policies of the Oprichnina were characterized by extreme violence and repression. The Oprichniki carried out mass executions, confiscations of property, and brutal punishments. They targeted the boyar class, the clergy, and anyone perceived as a threat to Ivan's rule. The goal was to instill fear and maintain absolute control over the population. The Oprichnina also aimed to centralize power in Ivan's hands and weaken the influence of the boyars.
3. Consequences of the Oprichnina
The Oprichnina had significant consequences for Russia. The policies of terror and repression led to a climate of fear and instability. Many nobles and members of the educated elite were killed or exiled, resulting in a loss of talent and expertise. The economy suffered as well, with agricultural production declining and trade disrupted. The Oprichnina also contributed to social divisions and mistrust within Russian society.
Furthermore, the Oprichnina did not achieve its intended goal of consolidating Ivan's power. Instead, it further alienated the boyar class and other segments of society, leading to increased opposition and resistance. The Oprichnina was eventually abolished in 1572, but its legacy continued to shape Russian history.
In conclusion, the introduction of the Oprichnina by Ivan the Terrible was driven by his desire for absolute control and the elimination of potential threats. The policies of the Oprichnina, characterized by violence and repression, had significant consequences for Russia, including social divisions, economic decline, and increased opposition to Ivan's rule.
I hope this provides a detailed overview of the Oprichnina and its impact during Ivan the Terrible's reign. Let me know if you have any further questions!


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