Question

Как была устроена Персидская держава

Answer 1

История, как написал Геродот, и как написано в Бехистунской надписи, была такая.
Камбиз, сын Кира, второй владыка персидской империи, отправился покорять Египет. Перед этим он предусмотрительно убил своего единственного брата Бардию, чтобы тот в его отсутствие не захватил трон. Но это он особо не афишировал. Поэтому пока Камбиз был в Египте, маг (т. е. зороастрийский жрец) Гаумата объявил себя Бардией и захватил власть. Камбиз срочно двинулся назад, но умер в дороге. Законных наследников Кира не осталось. В Персии было ещё около 20 царей разных стран, входивших в империю Кира и Камбиза. Они собрались и избрали царём царей Дария, который пошёл и убил Гаумату. За первый год он подавил около 10 выступлений сепаратистов в разных частях империи, в том числе ещё двух самозванцев, объявивших себя Бардией. После этого он приказал высечь на неприступной скале барельеф и рассказ об этих событиях на 3 языках. Ступени, по которым добирались рабочие, потом сбили, поэтому надпись хорошо сохранилась.
Дарий построил Персеполь, начатый ещё Киром, город для торжественных церемоний. Дарий осуществил первую массовую чеканку монеты, золотых дариков и серебряных сиклей.
Дарий поощрял зороастризм в качестве главной религии империи.
На всех изображениях и монетах он опирается на лук. Лук - оружие умных, думающих, а не просто сильных.
Это гробница Дария.

Answer 2

The Persian Empire

The Persian Empire, also known as the Achaemenid Empire, was one of the most significant and influential empires in ancient history. It was established by Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BCE and lasted until the conquest by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BCE.

Government and Administration: The Persian Empire was a centralized monarchy with a strong and efficient administrative system. The empire was divided into provinces called satrapies, each governed by a satrap who was appointed by the king. The satraps were responsible for collecting taxes, maintaining order, and administering justice in their respective regions. The empire also had a well-organized bureaucracy that assisted the king in governing the vast territories.

Religion and Culture: The Persians practiced Zoroastrianism, a monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zoroaster. Zoroastrianism emphasized the struggle between good and evil and the importance of moral conduct. The empire was known for its religious tolerance, allowing its subjects to practice their own religions as long as they paid tribute to the Persian king.

Military and Expansion: The Persian Empire had a powerful military that played a crucial role in its expansion. The empire's army consisted of a combination of professional soldiers and conscripts from the conquered territories. The Persians were skilled in cavalry warfare and had a formidable navy, which allowed them to project their power across the vast territories they controlled. The empire expanded rapidly under Cyrus the Great and his successors, conquering lands from Egypt in the west to India in the east.

Infrastructure and Trade: The Persian Empire invested heavily in infrastructure projects to facilitate trade and communication. They built an extensive network of roads, known as the Royal Road, which connected the major cities of the empire. This facilitated the movement of goods, people, and information across the empire. The Persians also constructed impressive palaces, such as the famous Persepolis, which served as administrative and ceremonial centers.

Legacy: The Persian Empire left a lasting impact on the regions it conquered. It promoted cultural exchange and influenced the art, architecture, and literature of the conquered peoples. The empire's administrative system and infrastructure projects set a precedent for future empires, including the Roman Empire. The Persian Empire's legacy also includes its contributions to science, mathematics, and astronomy.

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