Question

С какой целью Эхнатон провёл реформу?Каковы её результаты?​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Крупным фактом египетской истории древнего времени является проведение Аменхотепом IV (впоследствии принявшим имя Эхнатона) большой религиозной реформы, имевшей целью заменить древнее традиционное многобожие новым культом единого солнечного бога. В основе этой реформы лежали определенные социально-экономические причины. 

Answer 2

Ответ:

Религиозная реформа Эхнатона (1424–1388 гг. до н. э.)

Таким образом, египетские фараоны были вынуждены отказаться от прежней военно-захватнической политики своих предшественников. Этот отказ нашел своё яркое выражение в деятельности фараона Аменхотепа IV, опиравшегося в своей деятельности на довольно широкие слои населения Египта.

Крупным фактом египетской истории этого времени является проведение Аменхотепом IV большой религиозной реформы, имевшей своей целью заменить древнюю традиционную форму многобожия новым культом единого солнечного бога. В основе этой реформы лежали определённые социально-экономические причины

Answer 3

Purpose of Akhenaten's Reform

Akhenaten, also known as Amenhotep IV, was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh who ruled during the 14th century BCE. He is best known for his religious reform, which aimed to establish the worship of a single deity, the Aten, as the supreme god of Egypt. Akhenaten's reform was a significant departure from traditional Egyptian religious practices, which involved the worship of multiple gods.

The primary purpose of Akhenaten's reform was to promote the worship of the Aten as the sole god and to diminish the influence of the traditional Egyptian pantheon. Akhenaten believed that the Aten was the universal creator and the source of all life. By emphasizing the worship of the Aten, Akhenaten sought to establish a monotheistic religious system in Egypt.

Results of Akhenaten's Reform

Akhenaten's religious reform had several notable results:

1. Religious Shift: The most significant outcome of the reform was the shift from the traditional polytheistic worship to the exclusive worship of the Aten. Akhenaten closed the temples dedicated to other gods and redirected resources towards the construction and maintenance of temples dedicated to the Aten.

2. Religious Art: Akhenaten's reform also had a profound impact on Egyptian art. The artistic style during his reign, known as the Amarna style, depicted the pharaoh, his family, and religious scenes in a more naturalistic and intimate manner. This departure from the traditional formal and idealized style of Egyptian art reflected the new religious beliefs and the emphasis on the Aten as a personal and accessible deity.

3. Religious Hymns: Akhenaten's reform led to the composition of a series of hymns known as the "Great Hymn to the Aten." These hymns praised the Aten as the creator of the universe and expressed Akhenaten's personal devotion to the deity. The hymns provide valuable insights into the religious beliefs and practices of the time.

4. Religious Capital: As part of his reform, Akhenaten established a new capital city called Akhetaten (modern-day Amarna). The city was designed to reflect the new religious ideology, with temples dedicated to the Aten and residential areas for the royal family and their followers. The establishment of a new capital further emphasized the break from traditional religious and political centers.

5. Reversal of Reforms: After Akhenaten's death, his religious reforms were largely reversed by his successors, and the traditional polytheistic worship was reinstated. The temples dedicated to the Aten were abandoned, and the names of Akhenaten and his immediate successors were often erased from historical records. This suggests that the religious reforms were not widely accepted or embraced by the Egyptian population.

Overall, Akhenaten's religious reform had a significant impact on Egyptian society and culture during his reign. While his efforts to establish a monotheistic religious system were short-lived, they left a lasting legacy in the form of religious art and hymns that provide valuable insights into ancient Egyptian beliefs and practices.