Question

Что изменилось в системе управления страной в 17 веке​

Answer 1

Ответ:

1) После Смутного времени Российское государство начало восстанавливаться. К власти пришла династия Романовых.

2) 17 век считается временем рассвета приказной системы управления гос-вом. Количество приказов достигает до 80. Существовали постоянные и временные приказы. Число общегосударственных приказов оставалось неизменным - 26. (финансовые, судебные, военные, Посольский, приказы служилых людей)

3) При Алексее Михайловиче был учрежден Приказ Тайных Дел

4) Было создано Соборное Уложение 1649г

(был установлен бессрочный сыск беглых, отменены урочные лета и установлена потомственная зависимость крестьян от помещиков, также были ликвидированы белые слободы)

5) Что касается суда и армии, были созданы полки нового строя.

Answer 2

Changes in the Country's Governance System in the 17th Century

The 17th century witnessed several significant changes in the governance systems of various countries. Here are some key developments during this period:

1. Absolutism and Centralization of Power: One notable change in the 17th century was the rise of absolutism, where monarchs sought to consolidate power and establish centralized control over their realms. This shift aimed to diminish the influence of nobility and other regional power centers, concentrating authority in the hands of the monarch.

2. Divine Right of Kings: The concept of the divine right of kings gained prominence during this period. It asserted that monarchs derived their authority directly from God and were therefore accountable only to God, not to their subjects. This ideology provided a theoretical basis for absolute rule and helped legitimize the concentration of power in the hands of monarchs.

3. Bureaucratic Reforms: Many countries implemented bureaucratic reforms to strengthen the central administration and enhance governance efficiency. These reforms aimed to establish professional bureaucracies that could effectively implement policies and manage the affairs of the state. Bureaucrats were often appointed based on merit rather than noble birth, which helped to professionalize the administration.

4. Expansion of State Power: In the 17th century, states sought to expand their power and influence both domestically and internationally. This expansion was driven by factors such as territorial ambitions, economic interests, and the desire for greater security. States invested in building strong armies and navies, establishing colonies, and engaging in diplomatic maneuvers to advance their interests.

5. Development of Legal Systems: The 17th century saw the development and codification of legal systems in many countries. This included the creation of comprehensive legal codes, the establishment of courts, and the professionalization of legal professions. These legal reforms aimed to provide a more predictable and standardized framework for governance and justice.

6. Enlightenment and the Emergence of Constitutionalism: Towards the end of the 17th century, the Enlightenment period brought forth new ideas about governance and individual rights. Thinkers like John Locke and Montesquieu advocated for constitutionalism, which emphasized the limitation of government power and the protection of individual liberties through the establishment of constitutions and the separation of powers.

It is important to note that the changes in the governance systems of different countries during the 17th century varied significantly. The specific reforms and developments mentioned above may not apply uniformly to all countries during this period.