Question

Типы крестьян в России в Петровскую эпоху​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Крестьяне с этого времени стали разделяться на крестьян крепостных, монастырских и государственных. Все три разряда были записаны в ревизские сказки и обложены одним налогом. Законодательство Петра 1 пробовало сделать кое-какие смягчения крепостного состояния, создавая даже возможность выхода из него.

Answer 2

Крестьяне с этого времени стали разделяться на крестьян крепостных, монастырских и государственных. Все три разряда были записаны в ревизские сказки и обложены одним налогом. Законодательство Петра 1 пробовало сделать кое-какие смягчения крепостного состояния, создавая даже возможность выхода из него.

Answer 3

Types of Peasants in Russia during the Petrine Era

During the Petrine Era in Russia, which refers to the reign of Peter the Great from 1682 to 1725, there were several types of peasants with different social and legal statuses. These types of peasants included:

1. State Peasants: State peasants were the largest group of peasants in Russia during the Petrine Era. They were directly tied to the state and were subject to various obligations and restrictions. State peasants were responsible for paying taxes, providing labor, and serving in the military when required. They were considered the property of the state and were not allowed to leave their villages without permission.

2. Church Peasants: Church peasants were peasants who were owned by the Russian Orthodox Church. They were responsible for providing labor and paying taxes to the church. Church peasants had similar obligations and restrictions as state peasants.

3. Private Peasants: Private peasants were peasants who were owned by private landowners, such as nobles or wealthy individuals. They were subject to the authority of their landowners and had to provide labor and pay taxes to them. Private peasants had fewer legal protections compared to state and church peasants.

4. Cossacks: Cossacks were a distinct group of peasants in Russia who lived in the borderlands and were known for their military skills. They had a semi-autonomous status and were responsible for defending the borders of the Russian Empire. Cossacks had their own self-governing institutions and enjoyed certain privileges and exemptions.

5. Free Peasants: Free peasants were peasants who were not tied to any specific landowner or institution. They had more freedom and independence compared to other types of peasants. Free peasants were able to own their own land and engage in various economic activities. However, they still had to pay taxes and fulfill certain obligations to the state.

It is important to note that the social and legal status of peasants in Russia during the Petrine Era was complex and varied. The types of peasants mentioned above represent general categories, but there were often overlapping and blurred boundaries between them. The exact conditions and rights of peasants could also differ depending on the specific region and local circumstances.