Question

Почему Парламенты, созываемые в Европейских странах, не существовали долгий период времени?

Answer 1

Ответ:

Долгим» называется парламент, созванный Карлом I 3 ноября 1640 года, после Епископских войн. Он получил такое название из-за событий, которые последовали за актом парламента — он мог быть распущен только с согласия самих депутатов, и они не соглашались с его роспуском до окончания Английской гражданской войны и до конца периода междуцарствования в 1660 г. (когда произошла реставрация Стюартов). Этот парламент заседал с 1640 по 1649 гг., когда он подвергся политической чистке со стороны Армии нового образца, поскольку не заботился об интересах армии. Из парламента были выдворены все депутаты-пресвитерианцы, которые были настроены против армии. Этот парламент получил название «Охвостье».

Answer 2

Why did parliaments in European countries not exist for a long period of time?

Parliaments, as representative bodies that make laws and govern a country, have a long history in Europe. However, there have been periods in European history when parliaments did not exist or had limited power. The reasons for the absence or limited existence of parliaments in European countries can vary depending on the specific historical context. Here are some possible reasons:

1. Monarchical Rule: In many European countries, especially during the medieval period, power was concentrated in the hands of monarchs who ruled without the need for a parliamentary system. Monarchs held absolute power and made decisions without consulting representative bodies.

2. Feudalism: Feudalism, a social and economic system prevalent in medieval Europe, also played a role in limiting the existence of parliaments. Feudal lords held significant power and authority, and their control over land and resources often overshadowed the need for representative institutions.

3. Centralized Authority: Some European countries had centralized authority structures where power was concentrated in the hands of a single ruler or a small group of elites. In such cases, there was little room for the establishment of representative bodies like parliaments.

4. Historical Circumstances: Wars, invasions, and political instability can disrupt the functioning of parliaments. Throughout European history, there have been periods of conflict and turmoil that hindered the establishment or continuity of parliamentary systems.

5. Cultural and Social Factors: Cultural and social factors can also influence the existence of parliaments. Different societies have different traditions, values, and political systems that may not necessarily align with the establishment of representative institutions.

It is important to note that the absence or limited existence of parliaments in European countries does not mean that there was a complete absence of governance or decision-making structures. Different forms of governance, such as autocracy or oligarchy, existed during these periods.

Please note that the information provided above is a general overview and may vary depending on the specific country and historical period in question.