Question

1. Какие изменения произошли в сословиях в первой четверти 18 в.? 2. В чём отличие положения крестьян от других сословий? ​

Answer 1

Ответ:

1. первой четверти XVIII века в числе прочих новаций на государственном уровне происходило активное насаждение европейского образа жизни среди представителей высших сословий. Общая демократизация отношений, которая последовала в связи с процессом европеизации, особенно затронула повседневную жизнь высших сословий: уходили в прошлое строгие традиции и ритуалы, в частности, изменения коснулись норм общения.

Объяснение:

2.Их отличие состояло в том, что крестьяне были зависимым слоем населения. Они были ограничены в своих правах. Крестьяне были собственностью помещика. Они вынуждались работать на его земле. Такое положение вещей часто становилось причиной крестьянских восстаний.

Answer 2

Changes in Social Estates in the First Quarter of the 18th Century

In the first quarter of the 18th century, several significant changes occurred in the social estates. These changes were particularly notable in Russia, where the social structure was characterized by a rigid system of estates.

1. Changes in Social Estates: - The first quarter of the 18th century saw the emergence of a new social class, the nobility, which gained prominence and influence in Russian society. - The nobility, also known as the gentry, became a distinct social estate with privileges and responsibilities that set them apart from other classes. - This period also witnessed the consolidation of serfdom, which further entrenched the divide between the nobility and the peasantry.

2. Distinction of Peasants from Other Estates: - Serfdom: The most significant distinction of the position of peasants from other estates was the institution of serfdom. Peasants were bound to the land and were under the control of the nobility, lacking the freedom and mobility enjoyed by other social classes. - Lack of Privileges: Unlike the nobility, peasants had limited rights and were subject to the authority of the landowners. They were often burdened with heavy labor obligations and lacked the autonomy enjoyed by the nobility.

These changes in the social estates of the first quarter of the 18th century had a profound impact on the social and economic dynamics of the time, shaping the course of Russian history.

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