Question

Прочитайте Наказ и выдержки из него. Как его содержание связано с идеями просвещения? Выпишите и объясните

Answer 1

Понятия, относящиеся к идеям европейского Просвещения – естественная вольность людей, правления намерение и конец – есть слава граждан. Автор использует эти понятия в пользу самодержавия.

Основу взглядов деятелей европейского Просвещения составляли идеи:

- объяснение окружающего мира с позиций разума

- государство создается для обеспечения общих интересов и ради этого люди поступаются частью своих прав

- против любой формы личной несвободы

- обличение тирании и произвола

- свободная торговля и предпринимательство

- распространение знаний о разумном и справедливом устройстве общества

Answer 2

Reading the "Nakaz" and Its Connection to Enlightenment Ideas

The "Nakaz" is a legal code written by Catherine the Great in 1767. It is a comprehensive document that covers various aspects of law and governance. The content of the "Nakaz" is closely related to the ideas of the Enlightenment, particularly in its emphasis on rationality, justice, and the rule of law.

Key Points: 1. Content of the "Nakaz": The "Nakaz" covers a wide range of legal and administrative matters, including the organization of the government, the judiciary, and the rights and responsibilities of citizens.

2. Connection to Enlightenment Ideas: - Rationality and Justice: The "Nakaz" reflects Enlightenment ideals by emphasizing the rational application of laws and the pursuit of justice based on reason and fairness. - Rule of Law: It promotes the concept of the rule of law, where laws are applied equally to all individuals and are not subject to arbitrary rule or personal whims of the ruler. - Citizen Rights and Responsibilities: The document also addresses the rights and duties of citizens, aligning with Enlightenment principles that emphasized individual rights and the social contract between the government and the governed.

3. Impact on Governance: The "Nakaz" had a significant impact on the governance and legal system in Russia, as it aimed to modernize and rationalize the legal framework in line with Enlightenment ideals.

In summary, the "Nakaz" reflects the influence of Enlightenment ideas by promoting rationality, justice, the rule of law, and the rights and responsibilities of citizens in its legal and administrative content.