Question

Вобщем надо ответ на вопрос если поможете буду очень благодарен! Несли ли идеи просветителей угрозу для стран, где царила абсолютная монархия? Обоснуйте ответ. Заранее спасибо ^-^

Answer 1

Ответ:

В определенной степени да, поклонники идеи просветительства пытались обосновать реальную, по их мнению, "природу" монархии - отнюдь не теологически, как того хотели монархи.

Answer 2

The Influence of Enlightenment Thinkers on Absolute Monarchies

The ideas of Enlightenment thinkers did pose a threat to countries where absolute monarchy was prevalent. The Enlightenment was an intellectual and philosophical movement that emerged in the 17th and 18th centuries in Europe. It emphasized reason, science, and individual rights, challenging the traditional authority of monarchs and the Church.

Enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke, Voltaire, and Montesquieu advocated for concepts like constitutionalism, separation of powers, religious tolerance, and the protection of individual rights. Their ideas directly challenged the absolute power and divine right of monarchs.

One of the key ideas put forth by Enlightenment thinkers was the concept of popular sovereignty, which suggested that political power should ultimately reside with the people rather than with a single ruler. This idea undermined the legitimacy of absolute monarchies, as it questioned the notion that kings and queens had an inherent right to rule without any accountability to their subjects.

John Locke, for example, argued that governments should be based on a social contract between the ruler and the ruled, and that if a ruler violated the natural rights of the people, they had the right to rebel against tyranny. This idea directly challenged the authority of absolute monarchs and their ability to rule without constraint.

Voltaire advocated for freedom of speech, religious tolerance, and the separation of church and state. His writings and ideas were critical of the Catholic Church and the absolute power of monarchs, which posed a threat to the established order in countries where absolute monarchy and the influence of the Church were deeply intertwined.

Montesquieu proposed the idea of the separation of powers, suggesting that political power should be divided among different branches of government to prevent tyranny. This idea challenged the concentration of power in the hands of a single ruler, as seen in absolute monarchies.

The ideas of Enlightenment thinkers spread through various means, including books, pamphlets, salons, and correspondence. They influenced intellectuals, educated elites, and even some members of the ruling class. As these ideas gained traction, they posed a threat to the traditional authority and legitimacy of absolute monarchies.

However, it is important to note that the impact of Enlightenment ideas varied across different countries and time periods. Some absolute monarchs, such as Frederick the Great of Prussia and Catherine the Great of Russia, embraced certain Enlightenment ideas and implemented reforms to modernize their countries. These monarchs saw the potential benefits of adopting Enlightenment principles while still maintaining their authority.

In conclusion, the ideas of Enlightenment thinkers did pose a threat to countries where absolute monarchy was prevalent. The emphasis on reason, individual rights, and popular sovereignty directly challenged the traditional authority and divine right of monarchs. However, the extent of this threat varied across different countries and time periods, with some monarchs embracing certain Enlightenment ideas to modernize their rule.