Question

Причины усиления Московского княжества при Иване Калите (выпиши самые главные причины): • Часто бывал в Орде, щедро одаривал хана, его жён и знатных людей • Добился права сбора дани для Орды со всех русских земель • Исправно выплачивал ордынский выход • Прекратились ордынские набеги на Русь • Навёл порядок в русских землях • Подчинил себе Ростовское, Галицкое, Белозёрское, Угличское княжествава • Расширил влияние княжеской власти на Великий Новгород • По мнению историков, утаивал часть дани и стал самым богатым человеком на Руси

Answer 1

1.Прекратились ордынские набеги на русь (т.к. Калита дружил с ханом)
2.Навёл порядок в русских землях
3.Подчинил себе Ростовское, Галицкое княжества
4.Расширил влияние княжеской власти на Великий Новгород

Answer 2

Reasons for the Strengthening of the Moscow Principality under Ivan Kalita

During the reign of Ivan Kalita, the Moscow Principality experienced significant strengthening and consolidation of power. Several key factors contributed to this:

1. Frequent Visits to the Horde and Generous Gifts: Ivan Kalita made frequent visits to the Mongol Horde, the ruling power in the region at that time. He generously bestowed gifts upon the Khan, his wives, and influential individuals within the Horde [[1]].

2. Collection of Tribute for the Horde: Ivan Kalita successfully negotiated the right to collect tribute on behalf of the Mongol Horde from all Russian lands. This allowed him to establish a strong financial relationship with the Horde and gain their favor [[2]].

3. Timely Payment of Tribute: Ivan Kalita consistently and promptly paid the required tribute to the Mongol Horde. This demonstrated his loyalty and reliability as a vassal, which further strengthened his position [[3]].

4. End of Mongol Raids on Rus: Under Ivan Kalita's rule, the Mongol raids on the Russian lands significantly decreased. This was likely due to his diplomatic efforts and the establishment of a stable relationship with the Horde [[4]].

5. Establishment of Order in Russian Lands: Ivan Kalita played a crucial role in establishing order and stability within the Russian lands. He implemented effective governance and law enforcement, which contributed to the overall prosperity and security of the Moscow Principality [[5]].

6. Expansion of Influence: Ivan Kalita successfully subjugated several neighboring principalities, including Rostov, Galich, Belozersk, and Uglich. This expansion of territory and influence further solidified the power of the Moscow Principality [[6]].

7. Increased Authority over Novgorod: Ivan Kalita also managed to extend the influence of the Moscow Principality over the powerful city-state of Novgorod. This allowed him to exert control over trade routes and resources, enhancing the economic and political strength of Moscow [[7]].

8. Accumulation of Wealth: According to historians, Ivan Kalita concealed a portion of the tribute collected for the Mongol Horde, amassing significant personal wealth. This made him one of the wealthiest individuals in Russia at that time [[8]].

These factors collectively contributed to the strengthening of the Moscow Principality under Ivan Kalita's rule, establishing it as a dominant political and economic force in the region.

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