Question

Доклад на тему О Римской культуре

Answer 1

Ответ:

Культура Рима входит в наше сознание со школьных лет загадочной легендой о Ромуле, Реме и их приемной матери – волчице. Рим – это звон гладиаторских мечей и опущенные вниз большие пальцы римских красавиц, присутствовавших на гладиаторских боях и жаждущих смерти поверженного. Рим – это Юлий Цезарь, который на берегу Рубикона говорит «Жребий брошен» и начинает гражданскую войну, а потом, падая под кинжалами заговорщиков, произносит: «И ты, Брут!» Римская культура ассоциируется с деятельностью многих римских императоров. Среди них – Август, который с гордостью заявляет, что принял Рим кирпичным, а потомкам оставляет мраморным; Калигула, собирающийся назначить сенатором своего коня; Клавдий с его императрицей Мессалиной, имя которой стало синонимом неистового разврата; Нерон, устроивший пожар Рима, чтобы вдохновиться на поэму о пожаре Трои; Веспасиан с его циничными словами «Деньги не пахнут»; и благородный Тит, который, если не сделал за день ни одного доброго дела, говорил: «Друзья, я потерял день».

Рим – это государство, которое прошло стремительный путь от маленького городка на реке Тибр до огромной мировой сверхдержавы, охватившей все Средиземноморье и большую часть Европы. Культура Древнего Рима с его совершенными памятниками архитектуры, живописи, литературы, стала эпохой наивысшего расцвета античной культуры и вместе с тем ее завершением.

Answer 2

Roman Culture

Roman culture refers to the customs, beliefs, and practices of the people who lived in ancient Rome. It was a rich and diverse culture that had a significant impact on the development of Western civilization. Here are some key aspects of Roman culture:

1. Language and Literature: The Romans spoke Latin, and it became the dominant language in the Western part of the Roman Empire. Latin literature, including works by famous authors like Virgil, Cicero, and Ovid, had a lasting influence on European literature.

2. Architecture and Engineering: The Romans were known for their impressive architectural achievements, such as the construction of aqueducts, roads, and monumental buildings like the Colosseum and the Pantheon. They also developed the use of concrete, which allowed for the creation of large and durable structures.

3. Law and Governance: The Romans developed a sophisticated legal system that influenced many modern legal systems. The Twelve Tables, a set of laws codified in the 5th century BCE, formed the basis of Roman law. The Romans also had a republican form of government, which later transitioned into an imperial system under the emperors.

4. Religion: The Romans had a polytheistic religion, with a pantheon of gods and goddesses. They believed in the importance of religious rituals and ceremonies and built temples and shrines to honor their deities. The Roman state religion played a significant role in the social and political life of the empire.

5. Social Structure: Roman society was hierarchical, with different classes and social orders. At the top were the aristocracy and wealthy landowners, followed by the middle class of merchants and professionals, and then the lower classes of laborers and slaves. Slavery was widespread in Roman society and played a crucial role in the economy.

6. Entertainment and Recreation: The Romans enjoyed various forms of entertainment, including gladiator fights, chariot races, and theater performances. The Colosseum in Rome was a famous venue for these spectacles. They also valued public baths, which served as social gathering places.

7. Art and Sculpture: Roman art and sculpture were heavily influenced by Greek art. Roman artists created realistic portraits, intricate mosaics, and beautiful frescoes. They also produced sculptures that depicted historical events, mythological figures, and emperors.

8. Education and Philosophy: Education in ancient Rome focused on training individuals for public life and citizenship. Roman philosophers, such as Seneca and Marcus Aurelius, contributed to the development of Stoicism, a philosophical school that emphasized self-control and virtue.

It's important to note that this is just a brief overview of Roman culture, and there is much more to explore and learn about this fascinating civilization.