Question

СРОЧНО. ВЫВОД К 4 ЭТАПУ ФРАНЦУЗСКОЙ РЕВОЛЮЦИИ 1794-1799 100 БАЛЛОВ ДАЮ

Answer 1

Благодаря деятельности просветителей, из которых особенно важны физиократы и энциклопедисты, в умах образованной части французского общества произошёл переворот. Наконец, при Людовике XV и в ещё большей мере при Людовике XVI были начаты либеральные реформы в политической и экономической областях.

Answer 2

French Revolution: Conclusion of the 4th Stage (1794-1799)

The conclusion of the 4th stage of the French Revolution (1794-1799) marked a significant turning point in the history of France. This period, also known as the Directory, witnessed several key developments that shaped the future of the country.

1. The Thermidorian Reaction: - The conclusion of the 4th stage of the French Revolution saw the Thermidorian Reaction, which refers to the overthrow of Robespierre and the end of the Reign of Terror. This event took place on 9 Thermidor, Year II (27 July 1794) in the French Republican calendar. It marked a shift away from the radical phase of the revolution and the establishment of a more moderate government.

- The Thermidorian Reaction led to the fall of Maximilien Robespierre and his associates, who were known for their extreme measures during the Reign of Terror. This event brought an end to the mass executions and political purges that had characterized the preceding years of the revolution [[1]].

2. The Directory: - Following the Thermidorian Reaction, the Directory was established as the new form of government in France. This period lasted from 1795 to 1799 and was characterized by a more conservative and moderate approach compared to the radical phase of the revolution.

- The Directory consisted of a five-member executive branch and a bicameral legislature. It aimed to provide stability and restore order in the aftermath of the Reign of Terror. However, it faced challenges such as political corruption and economic difficulties, which ultimately led to its downfall [[2]].

3. Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte: - The conclusion of the 4th stage of the French Revolution also set the stage for the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. During this period, Napoleon emerged as a prominent military leader and eventually seized power through a coup d'état in 1799, effectively bringing an end to the Directory and establishing the Consulate.

- Napoleon's ascent to power marked a significant shift in the political landscape of France and ultimately led to the establishment of the Napoleonic era, which had far-reaching consequences for Europe and the world [[3]].

In conclusion, the conclusion of the 4th stage of the French Revolution (1794-1799) saw the Thermidorian Reaction, the establishment of the Directory, and the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte, all of which had profound implications for the future of France and the broader geopolitical landscape of Europe.

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